ReviewDiabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy2021
Oral Processing, Satiation and Obesity: Overview and Hypotheses.
Review in Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Chewing Gum on Satiety, Appetite Regulation, Energy Intake, and Weight Loss: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- Combination of Texture-Induced Oral Processing and Vegetable Preload Strategy Reduced Glycemic Excursion but Decreased Insulin Sensitivity.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Influence of natural variations in eating rate and bolus properties on postprandial glucose and insulin responses in healthy adults.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Enhancing Nutritional Ingestive Behavior Microstructure Detection: Video Annotation and Passive Sensing Approaches.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Texture Properties and Chewing of κ-Carrageenan-Konjac Gum-Milk Hydrogels Modified with Carrot Callus Cells.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- High Reproducibility and Agreement of Meal Duration, Number of Chews, and Chewing Tempo Measured with a Standardized Test Meal.Nutrients · 2025Observational
- The Effect of a Mobile Health Dietary Education Intervention on Ultra-processed Food Consumption in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Article
- Using Metabolic Testing to Personalize Behavioral Obesity Treatment.Obesity science & practice · 2025Article
- Neural and hormonal mechanisms of appetite regulation during eating.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Psychometric evaluation of the Adult Eating Behavior Questionnaire and its relationship with body mass index among Chinese university students: a cross-sectional validation study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Article
- Effects of fresh vs dried mango consumption on satiety and postprandial glucose in healthy adults.Metabolism open · 2023Article
- Ultraprocessed Foods and Obesity Risk: A Critical Review of Reported Mechanisms.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Review
- Non-Classical Aspects of Obesity Pathogenesis and Their Relative Clinical Importance for Obesity Treatment.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Reasons individuals stop eating questionnaire (RISE-Q) among adults in the United Arab Emirates.PloS one · 2023Article
- Dietary Carbohydrate as Glycemic Load, Not Fat, Coupled withNutrients · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Increasing the speed of eating or decreasing the amount of chewing of a test meal significantly decreases its satiation, increases concomitant caloric intake, and influences entero-endocrine secretion. Speed of eating is a strong risk factor for obesity and longitudinal studies suggest an etiological relationship. Individuals with obesity have an increase in bite size, less chewing per bite, decreased satiation, and greater food intake. Oral processing in terms of bite size and amount of chewing per gram of food is influenced by food texture and textural complexity. Soft foods increase bite size and decrease chewing per gram of food and meal duration compared to hard foods. An ultra-processed diet can lead to greater weight gain than a non-processed diet and a significant increase in eating rate. Many children with obesity are noted by their parents to have persistent hunger on a questionnaire and this is often extreme. Results of attempts to change eating behavior have been mixed in terms of producing long-term changes in eating behavior and body weight. It is hypothesized that there may be a unidirectional relationship between changes in oral processing, satiation and weight gain. However, the presence of persistent hunger can produce a vicious cycle that may exacerbate obesity and make treatment difficult. The increased energy density of foods as found particularly in ultra-processed foods also influences energy intake and obesity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.