Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34344380›Full record

ArticleMicrobial cell factories2021

Vanillic acid and methoxyhydroquinone production from guaiacyl units and related aromatic compounds using Aspergillus niger cell factories.

Ronnie J M Lubbers, Adiphol Dilokpimol, Paula A Nousiainen, Răzvan C Cioc, Jaap Visser, Pieter C A Bruijnincx, Ronald P de Vries

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Microbial cell factories, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
4.6field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.

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  4. FAMeDB: A Curated Database for the Analysis of Fungal Aromatic Compound Metabolism.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2026
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  19. Utilization of ferulic acid inFrontiers in fungal biology · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Ronnie J M LubbersFungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Adiphol DilokpimolFungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Paula A NousiainenDepartment of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A. I. Virtasen Aukio 1, P.O. Box 55, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
Răzvan C CiocOrganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Jaap VisserFungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Pieter C A BruijnincxOrganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Ronald P de VriesFungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands. r.devries@wi.knaw.nl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4363-1123
Utrecht University · NLUniversity of Helsinki · FI

Funding

Horizon 2020 720918
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe aromatic compounds vanillin and vanillic acid are important fragrances used in the food, beverage, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Currently, most aromatic compounds used in products are chemically synthesized, while only a small percentage is extracted from natural sources. The metabolism of vanillin and vanillic acid has been studied for decades in microorganisms and many studies have been conducted that showed that both can be produced from ferulic acid using bacteria. In contrast, the degradation of vanillin and vanillic acid by fungi is poorly studied and no genes involved in this metabolic pathway have been identified. In this study, we aimed to clarify this metabolic pathway in Aspergillus niger and identify the genes involved.

resultsUsing whole-genome transcriptome data, four genes involved in vanillin and vanillic acid metabolism were identified. These include vanillin dehydrogenase (vdhA), vanillic acid hydroxylase (vhyA), and two genes encoding novel enzymes, which function as methoxyhydroquinone 1,2-dioxygenase (mhdA) and 4-oxo-monomethyl adipate esterase (omeA). Deletion of these genes in A. niger confirmed their role in aromatic metabolism and the enzymatic activities of these enzymes were verified. In addition, we demonstrated that mhdA and vhyA deletion mutants can be used as fungal cell factories for the accumulation of vanillic acid and methoxyhydroquinone from guaiacyl lignin units and related aromatic compounds.

conclusionsThis study provides new insights into the fungal aromatic metabolic pathways involved in the degradation of guaiacyl units and related aromatic compounds. The identification of the involved genes unlocks new potential for engineering aromatic compound-producing fungal cell factories.

Indexed as

Aspergillus nigerBenzaldehydesHydroquinonesLigninMetabolic Networks and PathwaysMixed Function OxygenasesVanillic AcidBenzaldehydeshydroquinoneHydroquinonesLigninMixed Function OxygenasesVanillic Acidvanillin4-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-6-oxohexa-2,4-dienoic acid4-Oxo-monomethyl adipateConiferyl alcoholFerulic acidFungal cell factoryLigninVanillinVeratic acid

Identifiers

PMID34344380
PMCPMC8336404
OpenAlexW3188543052

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.