Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34344371›Full record

ArticleInternational journal for equity in health2021

The triple burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases and injuries on sex differences in life expectancy in Ethiopia.

Myunggu Jung, Gizachew Balew Jembere, Young Su Park, William Muhwava, Yeohee Choi, Youngtae Cho, Woorim Ko

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Article in International journal for equity in health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
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8citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Myunggu JungFaculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK.
Gizachew Balew JembereEngenderHealth-Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Young Su ParkCenter for Arts and Humanities, Haverford College, Haverford, PA, USA.
William MuhwavaAfrican Centre for Statistics, United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Yeohee ChoiDepartment of Social Welfare, Graduate School of Social Welfare, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
Youngtae ChoInstitute of Environment and Health, Population Policy Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
Woorim KoInstitute of Environment and Health, Population Policy Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea. reako@snu.ac.kr.ORCID 0000-0002-2874-8518

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEthiopia has experienced great improvements in life expectancy (LE) at birth over the last three decades. Despite consistent increases in LE for both males and females in Ethiopia, the country has simultaneously witnessed an increasing discrepancy in LE between males and females.

methodsThis study used Pollard's actuarial method of decomposing LE to compare age- and cause- specific contributions to changes in sex differences in LE between 1995 and 2015 in Ethiopia.

resultsLife expectancy at birth in Ethiopia increased for both males and females from 48.28 years and 50.12 years in 1995 to 65.59 years and 69.11 years in 2015, respectively. However, the sex differences in LE at birth also increased from 1.85 years in 1995 to 3.51 years in 2015. Decomposition analysis shows that the higher male mortality was consistently due to injuries and respiratory infections, which contributed to 1.57 out of 1.85 years in 1995 and 1.62 out of 3.51 years in 2015 of the sex differences in LE. Increased male mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) also contributed to the increased difference in LE between males and females over the period, accounting for 0.21 out of 1.85 years and 1.05 out of 3.51 years in 1995 and 2015, respectively.

conclusionsWhile injuries and respiratory infections causing male mortality were the most consistent causes of the sex differences in LE in Ethiopia, morality from NCDs is the main cause of the recent increasing differences in LE between males and females. However, unlike the higher exposure of males to death from injuries due to road traffic injuries or interpersonal violence, to what extent sex differences are caused by the higher male mortality compared to female mortality from respiratory infection diseases is unclear. Similarly, despite Ethiopia's weak social security system, an explanation for the increased sex differences after the age of 40 years due to either longer female LE or reduced male LE should be further investigated.

Indexed as

Communicable DiseasesHealth Status DisparitiesLife ExpectancyNoncommunicable DiseasesWounds and InjuriesAdolescentAdultAgedChildChild, PreschoolEthiopiaFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMaleDecompositionEthiopiaLife expectancyLife tableSex differences in life expectancy

Identifiers

PMID34344371
PMCPMC8330193

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.