Observational studyBMC infectious diseases2021
Serum surfactant protein D in COVID-19 is elevated and correlated with disease severity.
Observational study in BMC infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Update prognostic potency of surfactant protein D (SP-D) in the COVID-19 landscape: an In-depth meta-analytical exploration.Biomarkers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- [Lung-protective effect of esketamine combined with distal limb ischemic preconditioning in elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic radical surgery for lung cancer: a randomized controlled trial in 160 cases].Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2024Trial
- Surfactant therapy for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome: time to revisit?Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2026Review
- Circulating Surfactant Protein-D for Risk Stratification in Paediatric Acute Lung Infections: A Systematic Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Is Altered Surfactant Protein Gene Expression in Peripheral Blood Associated with COVID-19 Disease Severity?Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Surfactant Protein D and Club Cell Secretory Protein as Biomarkers of Disease Severity and Fostamatinib Efficacy in Severe COVID-19.Critical care explorations · 2025Article
- Surfactant protein levels and genetic variants as biomarkers for COVID-19 severity in children.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2025Article
- New evidence for T-cadherin in COVID-19 pathogenesis, endothelial dysfunction, and lung fibrosis.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Article
- Surfactant-derived protein type B: a new biomarker linked to respiratory failure and lung damage in mild to moderate SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.ERJ open research · 2024Article
- Process-Specific Blood Biomarkers and Outcomes in COVID-19 Versus Non-COVID-19 ARDS (APEL-COVID Study): A Prospective, Observational Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Unraveling the enigma: The emerging significance of pulmonary surfactant proteins in predicting, diagnosing, and managing COVID-19.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Review
- Could SP-A and SP-D Serum Levels Predict COVID-19 Severity?International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- In-vivo studies of targeted and localized cancer drug release from microporous poly-di-methyl-siloxane (PDMS) devices for the treatment of triple negative breast cancer.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Human surfactant protein A inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and alleviates lung injury in a mouse infection model.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Molecular Impact of Conventional and Electronic Cigarettes on Pulmonary Surfactant.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Cellular and molecular features of COVID-19 associated ARDS: therapeutic relevance.Journal of inflammation (London, England) · 2023Review
- Multi-omics of NET formation and correlations with CNDP1, PSPB, and L-cystine levels in severe and mild COVID-19 infections.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Surfactant protein D (SP-D) as a biomarker of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry · 2022Article
- Pulmonary Fibrosis as a Result of Acute Lung Inflammation: Molecular Mechanisms, Relevant In Vivo Models, Prognostic and Therapeutic Approaches.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Clinical Utility of Circulating Pneumoproteins as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2022Article
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12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe serum surfactant protein D (SP-D) level is suggested to be a useful biomarker for acute lung injuries and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Whether the serum SP-D level could identify the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the early stage has not been elucidated.
methodsWe performed an observational study on 39 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients from The Fourth People's Hospital of Yiyang, Hunan, China. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, correlation analysis, and multivariate logistic regression model analysis were performed.
resultsIn the acute phase, the serum levels of SP-D were elevated significantly in severe COVID-19 patients than in mild cases (mean value ± standard deviation (SD), 449.7 ± 125.8 vs 245.9 ± 90.0 ng/mL, P<0.001), while the serum levels of SP-D in the recovery period were decreased dramatically than that in the acute phase (mean value ± SD, 129.5 ± 51.7 vs 292.9 ± 130.7 ng/ml, P<0.001), and so were for the stratified patients. The chest CT imaging scores were considerably higher in the severe group compared with those in the mild group (median value, 10.0 vs 9.0, P = 0.011), while markedly lower in the recovery period than those in the acute phase (median value, 2.0 vs 9.0, P<0.001), and so were for the stratified patients. ROC curve analysis revealed that areas under the curve of lymphocyte counts (LYM), C-reaction protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and SP-D for severe COVID-19 were 0.719, 0.833, 0.817, 0.837, and 0.922, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that the SP-D levels were negatively correlated with LYM (r = - 0.320, P = 0.047), while positively correlated with CRP (r = 0.658, P<0.001), IL-6 (r = 0.471, P = 0.002), the duration of nucleic acid of throat swab turning negative (r = 0.668, P<0.001), chest CT imaging score on admission (r = 0.695, P<0.001) and length of stay (r = 0.420, P = 0.008). Multivariate logistic regression model analysis showed that age (P = 0.041, OR = 1.093) and SP-D (P = 0.008, OR = 1.018) were risk factors for severe COVID-19.
conclusionsElevated serum SP-D level was a potential biomarker for the severity of COVID-19; this may be useful in identifying patients whose condition worsens at an early stage.
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