ArticleJournal of affective disorders2021
High worry in pregnancy predicts postpartum depression.
Article in Journal of affective disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of the online and offline hybrid continuous group care on maternal and infant health: a randomized controlled trial.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Trial
- Postpartum Depressive Symptoms Among Women with Elevated Prenatal Anxiety in Kazakhstan: Prospective Observational Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Invisible Links: Associations Between Micronutrient Deficiencies and Postpartum Depression-A Systematic Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Cognitive biases: potential behavioral marker for future development of postpartum depression and childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Prevalence and risk factors for antenatal anxiety in the first trimester among Chinese pregnant women.General psychiatry · 2025Article
- Can Pregnancy Experience Predict Birth Experience, Postpartum Depression and Anxiety? A Prospective Descriptive Study.Nursing open · 2024Article
- Blood extracellular vesicles carrying brain-specific mRNAs are potential biomarkers for detecting gene expression changes in the female brain.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Article
- Socioeconomic resources moderate the relationship between maternal prenatal obsessive-compulsive symptoms and infant negative affectivity.Infant behavior & development · 2023Article
- Predicting Patients Requiring Treatment for Depression in the Postpartum Period Using Common Electronic Medical Record Data Available Antepartum.AJPM focus · 2023Article
- Investigating and comparing the dimensions of worry of Iranian primiparous women in each trimester of pregnancy.European journal of medical research · 2023Article
- Postpartum experiences among individuals with suspected and confirmed prenatal generalized anxiety disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic: Implications for help-seeking.Psychiatry research · 2023Article
- Mother-Child Bond through Feeding: A Prospective Study including Neuroticism, Pregnancy Worries and Post-Traumatic Symptomatology.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Pregnancy-related COVID worry, depressive symptom severity, and mediation through sleep disturbance in a low-income, primarily Latinx population in California's Central valley.Journal of psychiatric research · 2023Article
- Altered extracellular mRNA communication in postpartum depression is associated with decreased autophagy.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Article
- The immune phenotype of perinatal anxiety.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2022Article
- Trajectories of reproductive transition phase mood disorder from pregnancy to postpartum: A Swiss longitudinal study.Women's health (London, England)Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAnxiety in pregnancy is one of the strongest risk factors for postpartum depression (PPD), and high worry is a hallmark of many anxiety disorders. We sought to determine whether the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), designed for the general population, could identify high worry in pregnancy and predict the development of PPD symptoms (PPDS).
methodsWe followed women (N = 295) with and without mood and anxiety disorders across pregnancy and up to 6 months postpartum. Diagnoses were confirmed by SCID and by an experienced perinatal psychiatrist, and we administered the PSWQ and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at up to 6 time points. We determined the trajectory of worry across time and its relationship to PPDS.
resultsWomen with a history or current diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) were more likely to experience high antenatal worry (defined as PSWQ >60), p < .004 for MDD and <0.001 for all others. High antenatal worry was the only significant predictor of PPDS, with an OR of 3.91 (95% CI 1.44-10.65); neither psychiatric diagnosis nor elevated antenatal depressive symptoms was significantly associated with PPDS in a multivariate model. LIMITATIONS: Our study used self-report measures in a largely homogeneous population, which may limit the generalizability of our results.
conclusionsThe PSWQ may be a useful clinical tool in pregnancy. High worry is a strong predictor of PPDS, and is a better predictor of PPDS than psychiatric diagnosis or elevated antenatal depressive symptoms in this population.
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