ArticlePloS one2021
In-hospital mortality among immunosuppressed patients with COVID-19: Analysis from a national cohort in Spain.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Disparities in COVID-19 mortality amongst the immunosuppressed: A systematic review and meta-analysis for enhanced disease surveillance.The Journal of infection · 2024Pooled it
- The impact of immunocompromise on outcomes of COVID-19 in children and young people-a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Clinical outcome in solid organ transplant recipients affected by COVID-19 compared to general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2022Pooled it
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- New Developments in the Treatment of IgG4-Related Disease: A Comprehensive Clinical Approach.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
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- COVID-19 in Pediatric Patients with and Without Immunocompromised.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2025Article
- Outcomes and inflammation changes in different types of immunocompromised patients with critically ill COVID-19 admitted to ICU: a national multicenter study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Article
- Outcomes and Patterns of Evolution of Patients with Hematological Malignancies during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Nationwide Study (2020-2022).Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Outpatient glucocorticoid use and COVID-19 outcomes: a population-based study.Inflammopharmacology · 2024Article
- Effects of antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents on postvaccination SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections, antibody response, and serological cytokine profile.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Observational
- Developing a digital phenotype to subdivide adult immunosuppressed COVID-19 outcomes within the English Primary Care Sentinel Network.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- The ethics of clinical research in the era of COVID-19.Frontiers in public health · 2024Review
- Secondary pulmonary infection byWorld journal of clinical cases · 2023Article
- COVID-19 infection and mortality among non-pregnant indigenous adults in Mexico 2020-2022: Impact of marginalisation.Journal of global health · 2023Article
- Observational
- Mental Health, Social Connectedness, and Fear During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Perspective from Older Women with HIV.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- Double Trouble Co-Infections: Understanding the Correlation Between COVID-19 and HIV Viruses.Cureus · 2023Review
- "I am scared, I do not want to lie": exploring the impacts of COVID-19 on engagement in care, perceived health, relationship dynamics, and parenting among postpartum women with HIV in South Africa.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Article
- Severe COVID-19European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWhether immunosuppressed (IS) patients have a worse prognosis of COVID-19 compared to non-IS patients is not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcome of IS patients hospitalized with COVID-19 compared to non-IS patients.
methodsWe designed a retrospective cohort study. We included all patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry, a large multicentre national cohort in Spain, from March 27th until June 19th, 2020. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of in-hospital death among IS compared to non-IS patients.
resultsAmong 13 206 included patients, 2 111 (16.0%) were IS. A total of 166 (1.3%) patients had solid organ (SO) transplant, 1081 (8.2%) had SO neoplasia, 332 (2.5%) had hematologic neoplasia, and 570 (4.3%), 183 (1.4%) and 394 (3.0%) were receiving systemic steroids, biological treatments, and immunosuppressors, respectively. Compared to non-IS patients, the aOR (95% CI) for in-hospital death was 1.60 (1.43-1.79) for all IS patients, 1.39 (1.18-1.63) for patients with SO cancer, 2.31 (1.76-3.03) for patients with haematological cancer and 3.12 (2.23-4.36) for patients with SO transplant. The aOR (95% CI) for death for patients who were receiving systemic steroids, biological treatments and immunosuppressors compared to non-IS patients were 2.16 (1.80-2.61), 1.97 (1.33-2.91) and 2.06 (1.64-2.60), respectively. IS patients had a higher odds than non-IS patients of in-hospital acute respiratory distress syndrome, heart failure, myocarditis, thromboembolic disease and multiorgan failure.
conclusionsIS patients hospitalized with COVID-19 have a higher odds of in-hospital complications and death compared to non-IS patients.
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