ArticlePloS one2021
Calotropis gigantea stem bark extract induced apoptosis related to ROS and ATP production in colon cancer cells.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- From traditional uses to biochemical evidence: phytochemical diversity and bioactivities of Calotropis gigantea-a comprehensive update since 2013.Medicinal chemistry research : an international journal for rapid communications on design and mechanisms of action of biologically active agents · 2026Review
- HPLC-MS standardization and validation methods for determination of calactin content in dichloromethane fraction ofHeliyon · 2025Article
- Article
- Photodiagnosis and photodynamic recognition of cervical cancer with SEM and AFM images.PloS one · 2025Article
- Curcumin Inhibits Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Induced by HAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Combination of ethyl acetate fraction from Calotropis gigantea stem bark and sorafenib induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells.PloS one · 2024Article
- Red Kale (Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2023Article
- Natural products targeting inflammation-related metabolic disorders: A comprehensive review.Heliyon · 2023Review
- Article
- An updated pharmacological insight into calotropin as a potential therapeutic agent in cancer.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Calotropis gigantea stem bark extracts inhibit liver cancer induced by diethylnitrosamine.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Reactive Oxygen Species: Not Omnipresent but Important in Many Locations.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Conventional chemotherapeutic agents for colorectal cancer (CRC) cause systemic side effects and eventually become less efficacious owing to the development of drug resistance in cancer cells. Therefore, new therapeutic regimens have focused on the use of natural products. The anticancer activity of several parts of Calotropis gigantea has been reported; however, the effects of its stem bark extract on inhibition of cancer cell proliferation have not yet been examined. In this study, the anticancer activity of C. gigantea stem bark extract, both alone and in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), was evaluated. A crude ethanolic extract was prepared from dry, powdered C. gigantea barks using 95% ethanol. This was then partitioned to obtain dichloromethane (CGDCM), ethyl acetate, and water fractions. Quantitative analysis of the constituent secondary metabolites and calotropin was performed. These fractions exhibited cytotoxicity in HCT116 and HT-29 cells, with CGDCM showing the highest potency in both the cell lines. A combination of CGDCM and 5-FU significantly enhanced the cytotoxic effect. Moreover, the resistance of normal fibroblast, HFF-1, cells to this combination demonstrated its safety in normal cells. The combination significantly enhanced apoptosis through the mitochondria-dependent pathway. Additionally, the combination reduced adenosine triphosphate production and increased the production of reactive oxygen species, demonstrating the mechanisms involved in the induction of apoptosis. Our results suggest that CGDCM is a promising anti-cancer agent and may enhance apoptosis induction by 5-FU in the treatment of CRC, while minimizing toxicity toward healthy cells.
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