Trial reportTranslational vision science & technology2021
Three-Dimensional Heads-up Cataract Surgery Using Femtosecond Laser: Efficiency, Efficacy, Safety, and Medical Education-A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Trial report in Translational vision science & technology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Teaching ophthalmic microsurgical skills: conventional microscopy versus heads-up visualization.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Advances in cataract surgery: is a new era on the horizon?Current opinion in ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Comparison of three-dimensional surgical system versus binocular microscope for implantable Collamer lens implantation: a randomized clinical trial.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Comparing postoperative outcomes of three-dimensional versus traditional microscopic vitrectomy and subretinal rt-PA injection for submacular hemorrhage.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Optimal Timing for Intraocular Pressure Measurement Following Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Review
- Comparison of neck angle and musculoskeletal discomfort of surgeon in cataract surgery between three-dimensional heads-up display system and conventional microscope.Scientific reports · 2024Observational
- Comparison of three-dimensional heads-up system versus traditional microscopic system in medical education for vitreoretinal surgeries: a prospective study.BMC medical education · 2024Article
- Utility of real-time 3D visualization system in the early stage of phacoemulsification training.International journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Three-Dimensional Visualization System for Vitreoretinal Surgery: Results from a Monocentric Experience and Comparison with Conventional Surgery.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Three-dimensional heads-up system assisted pars plana vitrectomy and subretinal recombinant tissue plasminogen activator injection for submacular hemorrhage.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2023Article
- Three-Dimensional Heads-Up vs. Standard Operating Microscope for Cataract Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Comparison of Three-Dimensional Surgical System Versus Binocular Microscope for Clear Corneal Incision in Cataract Surgery.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2022Article
- Article
- Grand Challenges and Opportunities in Surgical Ophthalmology: Together for a Shared Future.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: To compare the efficiency, efficacy, and safety, as well as the educational value, of heads-up (three-dimensional visualization system-assisted) and traditional microscopic cataract surgery. Methods: This randomized noninferiority trial enrolled 242 eyes of 201 patients who received femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery. The questionnaire study enrolled 26 medical interns and 39 medical students. Patients received surgery under either a three-dimensional visualization system (3D group, 117 eyes) or traditional microscope (TM group, 125 eyes) after random allocation. The primary outcome was surgical time. The noninferiority margin of surgical time was 60 seconds. Secondary outcomes included ultrasound power, phacoemulsification time, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, endothelial cell density, central corneal thickness, complications, and observer satisfaction scores for surgical procedures. Results: Surgical time was 462.03 ± 80.36 seconds in the 3D group and 452.13 ± 76.63 seconds in the TM group (difference 9.90 seconds; 95% CI, -9.98 to 29.78; P = 0.365). Visual acuity and other perioperative parameters were comparable between the 3D group and the TM group (all P > 0.05). Incidences of both intraoperative and postoperative complications were low and not statistically different between groups (all P > 0.05). Across all observers, 3D surgery was superior to TM surgery for improving the degree of satisfaction (all P < 0.001). Conclusions: The surgical efficiency of heads-up cataract surgery is not inferior to traditional microscopic surgery. Both methods achieved similar efficacy and safety outcomes. Moreover, heads-up cataract surgery showed a significant advantage in medical education. Translational Relevance: Our findings show that heads-up cataract surgery has comparable efficiency, efficacy, and safety, as well as superior medical educational value, to TM surgery, which lays the foundation for promoting and popularizing this technology.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.