Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34342045›Full record

ArticleJournal of leukocyte biology2022

Plasma extracellular vesicles released after severe burn injury modulate macrophage phenotype and function.

Micah L Willis, Cressida Mahung, Shannon M Wallet, Alexandra Barnett, Bruce A Cairns, Leon G Coleman, Robert Maile

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of leukocyte biology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed
2.1field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
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  4. Enhanced Burn Wound Healing and Conversion Prevention Through Inhibition of High Mobility Group Box 1 in a Scald Burn Rat Model.Journal of burn care & research : official publication of the American Burn Association · 2026
    Article
  5. Macrophages on demand: How tissue trauma shapes their role.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2026
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Micah L WillisCurriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6174-8037
Cressida MahungNorth Carolina Jaycee Burn Center Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Shannon M WalletAdams School of Dentistry, Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Alexandra BarnettDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Bruce A CairnsCurriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Leon G ColemanDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1693-3799
Robert MaileCurriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9126-4188
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · US

Funding

TOXICOLOGYT32ES007126 · NIEHS · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI ILONA JASPERS, Bernard E. Weissman · 1985 to 2026
$13.0M
TRAUMA RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPT32GM008450 · NIGMS · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI Bruce A Cairns, Anthony G Charles · 1992 to 2026
$3.8M
Role of extraceullar vesicles in directing immunometabolic homeostasis after burn injuryR01GM131124 · NIGMS · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI CAIRNS, BRUCE A, MAILE, ROBERT · 2019 to 2022
$1.5M
Ethanol modulate central and peripheral immune responses via HMGB1, IL-1Beta, and other Immune Signaling MoleculesK08AA024829 · NIAAA · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI COLEMAN, LEON GARLAND · 2017 to 2021
$773k
NIAAA NIH HHS K08 AA024829NIEHS NIH HHS T32 ES007126NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM131124NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM008450
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as key regulators of immune function across multiple diseases. Severe burn injury is a devastating trauma with significant immune dysfunction that results in an ∼12% mortality rate due to sepsis-induced organ failure, pneumonia, and other infections. Severe burn causes a biphasic immune response: an early (0-72 h) hyper-inflammatory state, with release of damage-associated molecular pattern molecules, such as high-mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1), and proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1β), followed by an immunosuppressive state (1-2+ wk post injury), associated with increased susceptibility to life-threatening infections. We have reported that early after severe burn injury HMGB1 and IL-1β are enriched in plasma EVs. Here we tested the impact of EVs isolated after burn injury on phenotypic and functional consequences in vivo and in vitro using adoptive transfers of EV. EVs isolated early from mice that underwent a 20% total body surface area burn injury (burn EVs) caused similar hallmark cytokine responses in naïve mice to those seen in burned mice. Burn EVs transferred to RAW264.7 macrophages caused similar functional (i.e., cytokine secretion) and immune gene expression changes seen with their associated phase of post-burn immune dysfunction. Burn EVs isolated early (24 h) induced MCP-1, IL-12p70, and IFNγ, whereas EVs isolated later blunted RAW proinflammatory responses to bacterial endotoxin (LPS). We also describe significantly increased HMGB1 cargo in burn EVs purified days 1 to 7 after injury. Thus, burn EVs cause immune outcomes in naïve mice and macrophages similar to findings after severe burn injury, suggesting EVs promote post-burn immune dysfunction.

Indexed as

AnimalsBurnsDisease Models, AnimalExtracellular VesiclesFemaleHMGB1 ProteinMacrophagesMiceMice, Inbred C57BLPhagocytosisRAW 264.7 CellsHMGB1 Proteinburn injuryextracellular vesiclesmacrophagesthermal injury

Identifiers

PMID34342045
PMCPMC8716518
OpenAlexW3190580979

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.