Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34342019›Full record

ArticleAlcoholism, clinical and experimental research2021

Gestational age and birth growth parameters as early predictors of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.

Julie M Hasken, Anna-Susan Marais, Marlene de Vries, Belinda Joubert, Marise Cloete, Isobel Botha, Sumien Roux Symington, Wendy O Kalberg, David Buckley, Luther K Robinson and 5 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.3field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.

Julie M HaskenGillings School of Global Public Health, Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Anna-Susan MaraisDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Marlene de VriesDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Belinda JoubertDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Marise CloeteDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Isobel BothaDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Sumien Roux SymingtonDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Wendy O KalbergCenter on Alcohol, Substance Abuse and Addition, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
David BuckleyCenter on Alcohol, Substance Abuse and Addition, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
Luther K RobinsonDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo School of Medicine, Buffalo, NY, USA.
Melanie A ManningDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Charles D H ParryDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Soraya SeedatDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
H Eugene HoymeSanford Health, Sanford Children's Genomic Medicine Consortium, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
Philip A MayGillings School of Global Public Health, Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1939-8701
Stellenbosch University · ZAUniversity of New Mexico · USUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · USSanford Health · USSouth African Medical Research Council · ZAStanford University · USUniversity at Buffalo, State University of New York · US

Funding

TRIAL OF FAS PREVENTION IN AMERICAN INDIAN COMMUNITIESU01AA011685 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO · PI MAY, PHILIP ALAN · 2002 to 2008
$8.9M
Trajectory of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) Across the Lifespan: Continuing Prevention and Longitudinal EpidemiologyU01AA015134 · NIAAA · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI MAY, PHILIP ALAN · 2009 to 2018
$7.8M
Trajectory of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) Across the Lifespan: Continuing Prevention and Longitudinal EpidemiologyR01AA015134 · NIAAA · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI MAY, PHILIP ALAN · 2006 to 2022
$4.5M
TRIAL OF FAS PREVENTION IN AMERICAN INDIAN COMMUNITIESR01AA011685 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO · PI MAY, PHILIP ALAN · 1998 to 2001
$3.1M
NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA011685NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA015134NIAAA NIH HHS U01 AA011685NIAAA NIH HHS U01 AA015134NIAAA NIH HHS U01/R01 AA015134
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo investigate gestational age and growth at birth as predictors of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD).

methodsThe sample analyzed here comprises 737 randomly selected children who were assessed for growth, dysmorphology, and neurobehavior at 7 years of age. Maternal interviews were conducted to ascertain prenatal alcohol exposure and other maternal risk factors. Birth data originated from clinic records and the data at 7 years of age originated from population-based, in-school studies. Binary linear regression assessed the relationship between preterm birth, small for gestational age (SGA), and their combination on the odds of a specific FASD diagnosis or any FASD.

resultsAmong children diagnosed with FASD at 7 years of age (n = 255), a review of birth records indicated that 18.4% were born preterm, 51.4% were SGA, and 5.9% were both preterm and SGA. When compared to non-FASD controls (n = 482), the birth percentages born preterm, SGA, and both preterm and SGA were respectively 12.0%, 27.7%, and 0.5%. Mothers of children with FASD reported more drinking during all trimesters, higher gravidity, lower educational attainment, and older age at pregnancy. After controlling for usual drinks per drinking day in the first trimester, number of trimesters of drinking, maternal education, tobacco use, and maternal age, the odds ratio of an FASD diagnosis by age 7 was significantly associated with SGA (OR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.35 to 3.45). SGA was also significantly associated with each of the 3 most common specific diagnoses within the FASD continuum: fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS; OR = 3.1), partial FAS (OR = 2.1), and alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (OR = 2.0).

conclusionSGA is a robust early indicator for FASD in this random sample of children assessed at 7 years of age.

Indexed as

AdultChildChild DevelopmentFemaleFetal Alcohol Spectrum DisordersGrowth DisordersHumansInfant, NewbornInfant, PrematureInfant, Small for Gestational AgeLogistic ModelsMalePregnancyRetrospective StudiesSouth AfricaYoung Adultfetal alcohol spectrum disordersprenatal alcohol exposurePretermsmall for gestational age

Identifiers

PMID34342019
PMCPMC8429067
OpenAlexW3191205674

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.