ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2022
Understanding Contributors to Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Emergency Department Throughput Times: a Sequential Mixed Methods Analysis.
Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- The Benefit of the Doubt Phenomenon in Emergency Triage Assignment Disparities.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Deciphering the influence of demographic factors on the treatment of pediatric patients in the emergency department.Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing. Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing · 2026Article
- The future of algorithmic nondiscrimination compliance in the affordable care act.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Review
- A Research Agenda to Mitigate Racial and Ethnic Disparities in U.S. Critical Care Medicine: An Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Article
- Evaluation and Regulation of Artificial Intelligence Medical Devices for Clinical Decision Support.Annual review of biomedical data science · 2025Review
- Emergency hospital admissions for stress-related presentations among secondary school-aged minoritised young people in England.The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · 2025Article
- Biased Language in Simulated Handoffs and Clinician Recall and Attitudes.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Exploring the impact of missingness on racial disparities in predictive performance of a machine learning model for emergency department triage.JAMIA open · 2023Article
- Designing and developing a digital equity dashboard for the emergency department.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2023Article
- Racial and ethnic disparities in emergency department-initiated buprenorphine across five health care systems.Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine · 2023Article
- Disparities in access to specialty care and emergency department use after hospital discharge to a skilled nursing facility.Journal of hospital medicine · 2023Article
- A Quality Framework to Address Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Emergency Department Care.Annals of emergency medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEnsuring equitable care remains a critical issue for healthcare systems. Nationwide evidence highlights the persistence of healthcare disparities and the need for research-informed approaches for reducing them at the local level.
objectiveTo characterize key contributors in racial/ethnic disparities in emergency department (ED) throughput times.
designWe conducted a sequential mixed methods analysis to understand variations in ED care throughput times for patients eventually admitted to an emergency department at a single academic medical center from November 2017 to May 2018 (n=3152). We detailed patient progression from ED arrival to decision to admit and compared racial/ethnic differences in time intervals from electronic medical record time-stamp data. We then estimated the relationships between race/ethnicity and ED throughput times, adjusting for several patient-level variables and ED-level covariates. These quantitative analyses informed our qualitative study design, which included observations and semi-structured interviews with patients and physicians. KEY
resultsNon-Hispanic Black as compared to non-Hispanic White patients waited significantly longer during the time interval from arrival to the physician's decision to admit, even after adjustment for several ED-level and patient demographic, clinical, and socioeconomic variables (Beta (average minutes) (SE): 16.35 (5.8); p value=.005). Qualitative findings suggest that the manner in which providers communicate, advocate, and prioritize patients may contribute to such disparities. When the race/ethnicity of provider and patient differed, providers were more likely to interrupt patients, ignore their requests, and make less eye contact. Conversely, if the race/ethnicity of provider and patient were similar, providers exhibited a greater level of advocacy, such as tracking down patient labs or consultants. Physicians with no significant ED throughput disparities articulated objective criteria such as triage scores for prioritizing patients.
conclusionsOur findings suggest the importance of (1) understanding how our communication style and care may differ by race/ethnicity; and (2) taking advantage of structured processes designed to equalize care.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.