SynthesisAesthetic plastic surgery2022
The "Visible" Muscles on Ultrasound Imaging Make Botulinum Toxin Injection More Precise: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Aesthetic plastic surgery, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin type A for shoulder pain: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Pooled it
- Pneumothorax Following Botulinum Neurotoxin Injection for Trapezius Hypertrophy.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- Muscles as Basic Therapeutic Units in Glabellar Botulinum Toxin Injection: Technique Description and Preliminary Clinical Experience.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Article
- Ultrasound imaging in aesthetic medicine: safety and precision in injectable procedures.Journal of ultrasound · 2026Review
- A Refined Injection Strategy for the Upper Third Using Incobotulinum Toxin A to Enhance Facial Harmony and Preserve Natural Expression.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2026Article
- Article
- Impact of Adequate Disinfection Techniques for Ultrasound-Guided Injections in Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Ultrasound-Guided Botulinum Toxin-A Injections into the Masseter Muscle for Both Medical and Aesthetic Purposes.Toxins · 2024Review
- Article
- High-Resolution Ultrasound for Complications of Botulinum Toxin Use: A Case Series and Literature Review.Cureus · 2024Article
- Nerve Distribution Method is Superior to the Conventional Method in BoNT-A Treatment of Trapezius Hypertrophy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBotulinum toxin (BoNT) injection is the most commonly performed procedure in cosmetic surgery. However, blind injection is unable to take individual anatomical variations into consideration, which is the main contributing factor to complications. Ultrasound (US) imaging was introduced to reduce complications and improve effects. This article will review uses of US in aesthetic BoNT injection.
methodA systematic electronic search was performed using the PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of science. Search terms were set to focus on aesthetic BoNT injection. Two independent reviewers subsequently reviewed the resultant articles based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Selected manuscripts were analysed and grouped by procedure categories. Clinical cases were all performed by one plastic surgeon in our department.
resultsThe search finally retained 24 articles. Five procedural categories were identified, including masseter (n = 16), frontalis (n = 2), glabella complex (n = 2), trapezius (n=1), and gastrocnemius (n = 3). US imaging is practical and instructive for pre-operative assessments as in needle-type selection, injection point localization and depth setting, as well as post-operative follow-ups regarding injection feedback (for instance, the extent of muscle volume decreases). What's more, ultrasound-guided injection makes needle trajectory visualized so as for the needle to reach the target muscle in avoidance of potential damage to neurovascular bundle, gland or adjacent muscle.
conclusionMuscles, such as masseter, frontalis, glabella complex, trapezius and gastrocnemius, and their adjacent structures can be well visualized using US, and as such, US can be a useful tool for a variety of pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative procedures. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Indexed as
Identifiers
34341856What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.