Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34341824›Full record

ArticleProtein engineering, design & selection : PEDS2021

Optimization of multi-site nicking mutagenesis for generation of large, user-defined combinatorial libraries.

Monica B Kirby, Angélica V Medina-Cucurella, Zachary T Baumer, Timothy A Whitehead

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Computational redesign of a thermostable T7 RNA polymerase.Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS · 2026
    Article
  2. Computational redesign of a thermostable T7 RNA polymerase.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  3. Retrospective SARS-CoV-2 human antibody development trajectories are largely sparse and permissive.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  4. GGAssembler: Precise and economical design and synthesis of combinatorial mutation libraries.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2024
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Monica B KirbyDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80305, USA.
Angélica V Medina-CucurellaDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Zachary T BaumerDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80305, USA.
Timothy A WhiteheadDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80305, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3177-1361

Funding

The influence of evolutionary landscapes on protective antibody developmentR01AI141452 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO · PI WHITEHEAD, TIMOTHY ANDREW · 2019 to 2023
$2.8M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI141452
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Generating combinatorial libraries of specific sets of mutations are essential for addressing protein engineering questions involving contingency in molecular evolution, epistatic relationships between mutations, as well as functional antibody and enzyme engineering. Here we present optimization of a combinatorial mutagenesis method involving template-based nicking mutagenesis, which allows for the generation of libraries with >99% coverage for tens of thousands of user-defined variants. The non-optimized method resulted in low library coverage, which could be rationalized by a model of oligonucleotide annealing bias resulting from the nucleotide mismatch free-energy difference between mutagenic oligo and template. The optimized method mitigated this thermodynamic bias using longer primer sets and faster annealing conditions. Our updated method, applied to two antibody fragments, delivered between 99.0% (32451/32768 library members) to >99.9% coverage (32757/32768) for our desired libraries in 2 days and at an approximate 140-fold sequencing depth of coverage.

Indexed as

Protein EngineeringGene LibraryMutagenesisMutationantibody engineeringcombinatorial mutagenesisenzyme engineeringmolecular evolutionnicking mutagenesis

Identifiers

PMID34341824
PMCPMC8502461

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.