ArticleGut2022
The tumour microenvironment shapes innate lymphoid cells in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
Article in Gut, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 111 citations in OpenAlex.
- The soldiers needed to be awakened: Tumor-infiltrating immune cells.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Pooled it
- Microbiome-Immune Interactions as Determinants of Checkpoint Inhibitor Efficacy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Neuro-immune interactions in gastrointestinal oncology: Mechanisms, challenges, and therapeutic potential.Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · 2026Review
- Review
- ILC2s and their immune checkpoints in the antitumor response.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Review
- IDH1 Mutant Glioma Favors Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells and Is Resistant to Immune Checkpoint Expression.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Article
- A protocol for high-quality single-cell RNA sequencing with cell surface protein quantification.Blood science (Baltimore, Md.) · 2026Article
- Innate lymphoid cell heterogeneity and etiology-specific reprogramming in hepatocellular carcinoma.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Article
- Mast Cells Accumulate in the Stroma of Breast Adenocarcinoma and Secrete Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Tumor-Damaging Mediators: Could IL-37 and IL-38 Play an Anti-Tumor Role?International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Immune Determinants of MASLD Progression: From Immunometabolic Reprogramming to Fibrotic Transformation.Biology · 2026Review
- Proteotranscriptomic Dissection of Breast Cancer T Cell States Identifies CD103+ Tfh-derived Cytotoxic Cells Linked to Immunotherapy Response.Research square · 2026Article
- Single Cell RNA Sequencing in Colorectal Cancer Immunology: Recent Updates, Application, and Emerging Challenges.Current molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Critical role of interleukin-33 in pathogenesis and progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- ILC plasticity in intestinal immune barrier remodeling: current evidence and therapeutic implications for inflammatory bowel disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- AI-integrated single-cell multi-omics decodes the hepatocellular carcinoma metabolism-immune axis: a new strategy for precision therapeutic targeting.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- The role of coinhibitory receptor-expressing non-T cells in inflammation and immunity: unsung heroes or peripheral players?Experimental & molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Macrophages regulate PD-1 and CTLA-4 expression on ILC2s and their responsiveness in the tumor microenvironment.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Article
- Immune microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma: from pathogenesis to immunotherapy.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Review
- Cellular Cosmetics: How Innate Lymphoid Cells Can Recontour the Tumour Microenvironment.European journal of immunology · 2025Review
- Prognostic Significance of Hemoglobin, Albumin, Lymphocyte, and Platelet (HALP) Score in Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
27 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a typical inflammation-associated cancer. Tissue resident innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have been suggested to control tumour surveillance. Here, we studied how the local cytokine milieu controls ILCs in HCC.
designWe performed bulk RNA sequencing of HCC tissue as well as flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing of enriched ILCs from non-tumour liver, margin and tumour core derived from 48 patients with HCC. Simultaneous measurement of protein and RNA expression at the single-cell level (AbSeq) identified precise signatures of ILC subgroups. In vitro culturing of ILCs was used to validate findings from in silico analysis. Analysis of RNA-sequencing data from large HCC cohorts allowed stratification and survival analysis based on transcriptomic signatures.
resultsRNA sequencing of tumour, non-tumour and margin identified tumour-dependent gradients, which were associated with poor survival and control of ILC plasticity. Single-cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometry of ILCs from HCC livers identified natural killer (NK)-like cells in the non-tumour tissue, losing their cytotoxic profile as they transitioned into tumour ILC1 and NK-like-ILC3 cells. Tumour ILC composition was mediated by cytokine gradients that directed ILC plasticity towards activated tumour ILC2s. This was liver-specific and not seen in ILCs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Patients with high ILC2/ILC1 ratio expressed interleukin-33 in the tumour that promoted ILC2 generation, which was associated with better survival.
conclusionOur results suggest that the tumour cytokine milieu controls ILC composition and HCC outcome. Specific changes of cytokines modify ILC composition in the tumour by inducing plasticity and alter ILC function.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.