SynthesisBMC health services research2021
Does drug dispensing improve the health outcomes of patients attending community pharmacies? A systematic review.
Synthesis in BMC health services research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Does drug dispensing influence patients' medication knowledge and medication adherence? A systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC health services research · 2025Pooled it
- Development and Validation of a Clinical Script for Medicine Dispensing.Journal of evaluation in clinical practice · 2026Article
- Developing a Structured Framework for Pharmacist-Led Prescription Medication Counselling: A Scoping Review Integrating Structural Domains and Patient-Centered Operational Features.Patient preference and adherence · 2026Review
- Quality Indicators for Drug Dispensing in Community Pharmacies: A Scoping Review Protocol.Journal of evaluation in clinical practice · 2025Article
- The role of large language models in self-care: a study and benchmark on medicines and supplement guidance accuracy.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2025Article
- Analysis of Drug Product Dispensing Error Characteristics, Construction and Evaluation of a Risk Warning Model in Outpatient Pharmacy: A Retrospective Study in China.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2025Article
- Knowledge of medication dispensing among community pharmacists in Brazil: A national cross-sectional survey.PloS one · 2025Article
- Prevalence and Determinants of Polypharmacy: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Elderly Patients With Cardiovascular Diseases in Outpatient Clinics.Scientifica · 2025Article
- ReflACTION framework: A proposed model for implementation of clinical pharmacy services.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2024Article
- Drug dispensing in public community pharmacies: evidence from the MedMinas project.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Prescription and dispensing duration of medicines for hypertension and other chronic conditions: a review of international policies and evidence to inform the Australian setting.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2024Review
- "Opportunities and responsibilities": how do pharmacists assess their professionalism?BMC medical education · 2024Article
- Deprescribing NSAIDs: The Potential Role of Community Pharmacists.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The academic formation challenges: what does retail expect from higher education institutions in pharmacy?BMC medical education · 2024Article
- An online cross-sectional survey of community pharmacists to assess information needs for evidence-based self-medication counselling.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2023Article
- Evaluation of the Care Pathway in the Context of the Dispensing of Emicizumab (Hemlibra) in Community Pharmacies in France: Protocol for a Cross-sectional Study Based on the Kirkpatrick Model.JMIR research protocols · 2023Article
- Evaluation of pharmacist's practices regarding the antimicrobials dispensing: a simulated patient study.BMC health services research · 2022Article
- Real-World Impact of Transferring the Dispensing of Hospital-Only Medicines to Community Pharmacies During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research · 2022Article
- Impact of pharmacist services on economic, clinical, and humanistic outcome (ECHO) of South Asian patients: a systematic review.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2022Review
- Planning for decentralized, simplified prEP: Learnings from potential end users in Ga-Rankuwa, gauteng, South Africa.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDrug dispensing is a clinical pharmacy service that promotes access to medicines and their rational use. However, there is a lack of evidence for the impact of drug dispensing on patients' health outcomes. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the influence of drug dispensing on the clinical, humanistic, and economic outcomes of patients attending community pharmacies.
methodsA systematic literature search was performed in April 2021 using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, LILACS, and Open Thesis. Two reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full-text articles according to the eligibility criteria. Methodological quality was assessed using tools from the Joanna Briggs Institute, and the literature was synthesized narratively.
resultsWe retrieved 3,685 articles and included nine studies that presented 13 different outcomes. Regarding the design, they were cross-sectional (n = 4), randomized clinical trials (n = 4), and quasi-experimental (n = 1). A positive influence of drug dispensing on health outcomes was demonstrated through six clinical, four humanistic and three economic outcomes. Eight studies (88,9 %) used intermediate outcomes. The assessment of methodological quality was characterized by a lack of clarity and/or lack of information in primary studies.
conclusionsMost articles included in this review reported a positive influence of drug dispensing performed by community pharmacists on patients' health outcomes. The findings of this study may be of interest to patients, pharmacists, decision makers, and healthcare systems, since they may contribute to evidence-based decision-making, strengthening the contribution of community pharmacists to health care.
trial registrationRegistration: PROSPERO CRD42020191701 .
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.