ArticleBMC infectious diseases2021
HIV virological non-suppression and its associated factors in children on antiretroviral therapy at a major treatment centre in Southern Ghana: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- HIV care cascade of adolescents and young adults in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2026Pooled it
- Factors associated with unsuppressed HIV viral load among children under 15 years in sub-Saharan africa: a systematic review.AIDS research and therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence and factors associated with viral non-suppression in people living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Reviews in medical virology · 2024Pooled it
- Clinical Outcomes in Children With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treated for Nonsevere Tuberculosis in the SHINE Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Trial
- Trial
- A New Type of Nonsuppressible Viremia Produced by HIV-Infected Macrophage.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Pre-conflict prescription patterns and virological effectiveness of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in HIV-1 patients in Tigray, Ethiopia.AIDS research and therapy · 2026Article
- Underweight is associated with detectable viral load among adolescents with HIV in rural eastern Uganda: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- Determinants of viral load non-suppression among adult HIV positive patients on antiretroviral therapy in public health facilities in Ambo town, Ethiopia: A case-control study.SAGE open medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Correlates of virological non-suppression among children and adolescents aged 5-19 years on Dolutegravir-based regimens attending Gulu regional referral hospital, Northern Uganda: a mixed methods cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- A New Type of Nonsuppressible Viremia Produced by HIV-Infected Macrophage.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- HIV drug resistance in children and adolescents on NNRTI-based antiretroviral therapy and subsequent virologic response to dolutegravir-based regimens in Ghana.AIDS research and therapy · 2025Article
- Return to care of children and adolescents living with HIV who missed their clinic visits or were lost to follow-up: a continuous quality improvement study in Uganda.BMJ open quality · 2025Article
- Incidence Rate, Survival Rate, and Predictors for Virological Failure Among Adult TB/HIV Coinfected Clients.Journal of tropical medicine · 2025Article
- Time to virological failure and its predictors among children receiving first-line antiretroviral treatment in selected public Hospitals, Eastern Ethiopia, 2022: A multicenter retrospective cohort study.SAGE open medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Pro-inflammation and clinical correlates of unsuppressed HIV-viral load in children living with perinatally-acquired HIV 1 in Zambia.PloS one · 2025Article
- HIV viral load suppression rates among adults and children living with HIV in the North West Region of Cameroon: A call for action!PloS one · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChildren living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection require lifelong effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). The goal of ART in HIV-infected persons is sustained viral suppression. There is limited information on virological non-suppression or failure and its associated factors in children in resource limited countries, particularly Ghana.
methodsA cross-sectional study of 250 children aged 8 months to 15 years who had been on ART for at least 6 months attending the Paediatric HIV clinic at Korle Bu Teaching hospital in Ghana was performed. Socio-demographic, clinical, laboratory and ART Adherence related data were collected using questionnaires as well as medical records review. Blood samples were obtained for viral load and CD4
resultsThe mean (±SD) age of the study participants was 11.4 ± 2.4 years and the proportion of males was 53.2%. Of the 250 study participants, 96 (38.4%) had virological non-suppression. After adjustment for significant variables, the factors associated with non-suppressed viral load were female gender (AOR 2.51 [95% CI 1.04-6.07], p = 0.041), having a previous history of treatment of tuberculosis (AOR 4.95 [95% CI 1.58-15.5], p = 0.006), severe CD4 immune suppression status at study recruitment (AOR 24.93 [95% CI 4.92-126.31], p < 0.001) and being on a nevirapine (NVP) based regimen (AOR 7.93 [95% CI 1.58-1.15], p = 0.005).
conclusionThe prevelance of virological non-suppression was high. Virological non-suppression was associated with a previous history of TB treatment, female gender, severe CD4 immune suppression status at study recruitment and being on a NVP based regimen. Early initiation of ART and phasing out NVP-based regimen might improve viral load suppression in children. In addition, children with a history of TB may need focused measures to maximize virological suppression.
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