ArticleKidney international2021
Iron status, fibroblast growth factor 23 and cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in chronic kidney disease.
Article in Kidney international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of ferric citrate hydrate on fibroblast growth factor 23 and platelets in non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease and non-chronic kidney disease patients with iron deficiency anemia.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2024Trial
- Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose and exercise capacity in iron-deficient kidney transplant recipients: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial in the Netherlands.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- KDIGO 2026 Clinical Practice Guideline for Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): a commentary from the European Renal Best Practice (ERBP).Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2026Article
- Age- and sex-specific reference values for phosphate homeostasis parameters-fibroblast growth factor 23 and soluble Klotho.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Article
- Iron Balance and Cardiovascular Health: The Double-Edged Role of Deficiency and Overload.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2026Review
- Global research trends in renal anemia: a multidimensional bibliometric study.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Clinical Outcomes of Iron Supplement Therapy in Non-Anemic Female CKD Stage 3 Patients with Low Serum Ferritin Level: A Multi-Institutional TriNetX Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Association of iron deficiency with kidney outcome and all-cause mortality in chronic kidney disease patients without anemia.Nutrition journal · 2025Article
- Uric Acid Correlates with Serum Levels of Mineral Bone Metabolism and Inflammation Biomarkers in Patients with Stage 3a-5 Chronic Kidney Disease.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Mediation effect of antithrombin III between chronic renal insufficiency and chronic coronary artery disease in T2DM patients.Endocrine · 2024Article
- Anemia of Chronic Kidney Disease-A Narrative Review of Its Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Associations between anemia and FGF23 in the CKiD study.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2024Article
- Identification of novel biomarkers of ferroptosis involved in keloid based on bioinformatics analysis.International wound journal · 2024Article
- Association between iron status markers and kidney outcome in patients with chronic kidney disease.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Fibroblast growth-factor 23 and vitamin D are associated with iron deficiency and anemia in children with chronic kidney disease.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2023Article
- Osteocyte Egln1/Phd2 links oxygen sensing and biomineralization via FGF23.Bone research · 2023Article
- How to diagnose iron deficiency in chronic disease: A review of current methods and potential marker for the outcome.European journal of medical research · 2023Review
- Relationship between serum phosphate and mortality in critically ill children receiving continuous renal replacement therapy.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- A review of ferric citrate clinical studies, and the rationale and design of the Ferric Citrate and Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (FIT4KiD) trial.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2022Review
- Novel Biomarkers of Kidney Disease in Advanced Heart Failure: Beyond GFR and Proteinuria.Current heart failure reports · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Disordered iron and mineral homeostasis are interrelated complications of chronic kidney disease that may influence cardiovascular and kidney outcomes. In a prospective analysis of 3747 participants in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study, we investigated risks of mortality, heart failure, end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to iron status, and tested for mediation by C-terminal fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), hemoglobin and parathyroid hormone. Study participants were agnostically categorized based on quartiles of transferrin saturation and ferritin as "Iron Replete" (27.1% of participants; referent group for all outcomes analyses), "Iron Deficiency" (11.1%), "Functional Iron Deficiency" (7.6%), "Mixed Iron Deficiency" (iron indices between the Iron Deficiency and Functional Iron Deficiency groups; 6.3%), "High Iron" (9.2%), or "Non-Classified" (the remaining 38.8% of participants). In multivariable-adjusted Cox models, Iron Deficiency independently associated with mortality (hazard ratio 1.28, 95% confidence interval 1.04-1.58) and heart failure (1.34, 1.05- 1.72). Mixed Iron Deficiency associated with mortality (1.61, 1.27-2.04) and ESKD (1.33, 1.02-1.73). High Iron associated with mortality (1.54, 1.24-1.91), heart failure (1.58, 1.21-2.05), and ESKD (1.41, 1.13-1.77). Functional Iron Deficiency did not significantly associate with any outcome, and no iron group significantly associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Among the candidate mediators, FGF23 most significantly mediated the risks of mortality and heart failure conferred by Iron Deficiency. Thus, alterations in iron homeostasis associated with adverse cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.