ArticleAnimal cognition2022
Evaluating the accuracy of facial expressions as emotion indicators across contexts in dogs.
Article in Animal cognition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rethinking dog stress behaviours: contextual and physiological insights from the attachment framework.The veterinary quarterly · 2026Article
- Stress, needs, and behaviour: understanding chronic stress in pet domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) from the prism of needs.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2026Review
- Artificial Intelligence-Based Decoding of Animal Micro-Expressions: A Review of Methodological Advances and Translational Applications.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- The Complexity of Communication in Mammals: From Social and Emotional Mechanisms to Human Influence and Multimodal Applications.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- Development of a psychobiological nosology for fear and frustration in clinical animal behavior using dogs as a model species.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Investigating the capabilities of large vision language models in dog emotion recognition.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Research Methods for the Analysis of Visual Emotion Cues in Animals: A Workshop Report.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Automated analysis of emotional expressions in dogs based on geometric morphometrics.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A Multi-Epiphysiological Indicator Dog Emotion Classification System Integrating Skin and Muscle Potential Signals.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Differences in dogs' and wolves' human-directed greeting behaviour: facial expressions, body language, and the problem of human biases.Animal cognition · 2025Article
- Dog facial landmarks detection and its applications for facial analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Continuous automated analysis of facial dynamics of brachycephalic and normocephalic dogs in different contexts.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Modifying the Attention Bias Test to Assess the Emotional State of Dogs.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- If you blink at me, I'll blink back. Domestic dogs' feedback to conspecific visual cues.Royal Society open science · 2025Article
- Measuring palatability of pet food products: Sensory components, evaluations, challenges, and opportunities.Journal of food science · 2024Review
- Neurobiology and Anatomy of Facial Expressions in Great Apes: Application of the AnimalFACS and Its Possible Association with the Animal's Affective State.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- Domestication constrains the ability of dogs to convey emotions via facial expressions in comparison to their wolf ancestors.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Intra and interspecific audience effect on domestic dogs' behavioural displays and facial expressions.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- What if the reward is not as yummy? Study of the effects of Successive Negative Contrast in domestic dogs in two different tasks.Journal of veterinary behavior : clinical applications and research : official journal of : Australian Veterinary Behaviour Interest Group, International Working Dog Breeding Association · 2024Article
- Why do dogs wag their tails?Biology letters · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Facial expressions potentially serve as indicators of animal emotions if they are consistently present across situations that (likely) elicit the same emotional state. In a previous study, we used the Dog Facial Action Coding System (DogFACS) to identify facial expressions in dogs associated with conditions presumably eliciting positive anticipation (expectation of a food reward) and frustration (prevention of access to the food). Our first aim here was to identify facial expressions of positive anticipation and frustration in dogs that are context-independent (and thus have potential as emotion indicators) and to distinguish them from expressions that are reward-specific (and thus might relate to a motivational state associated with the expected reward). Therefore, we tested a new sample of 28 dogs with a similar set-up designed to induce positive anticipation (positive condition) and frustration (negative condition) in two reward contexts: food and toys. The previous results were replicated: Ears adductor was associated with the positive condition and Ears flattener, Blink, Lips part, Jaw drop, and Nose lick with the negative condition. Four additional facial actions were also more common in the negative condition. All actions except the Upper lip raiser were independent of reward type. Our second aim was to assess basic measures of diagnostic accuracy for the potential emotion indicators. Ears flattener and Ears downward had relatively high sensitivity but low specificity, whereas the opposite was the case for the other negative correlates. Ears adductor had excellent specificity but low sensitivity. If the identified facial expressions were to be used individually as diagnostic indicators, none would allow consistent correct classifications of the associated emotion. Diagnostic accuracy measures are an essential feature for validity assessments of potential indicators of animal emotion.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.