SynthesisEuropean heart journal2021
Sex differences in outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting: a pooled analysis of individual patient data.
Synthesis in European heart journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary artery bypass grafting in left main disease according to patients' sex: A meta-analysis.European journal of clinical investigation · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of differences between men and women in short-term outcomes following coronary artery bypass graft surgery.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Patient-physician sex concordance and outcomes in cardiovascular disease: a systematic review.European heart journal · 2024Pooled it
- Sex differences in saphenous vein graft patency: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of cardiac surgery · 2022Pooled it
- Sex Differences in Long-term Outcomes Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Nationwide Population-Based Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study.Journal of Korean medical science · 2026Article
- Sex-Related Long-Term Outcomes in On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting-A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.Interdisciplinary cardiovascular and thoracic surgery · 2026Article
- Association of surgeon sex with postoperative adverse outcomes in adult cardiac surgery: a nationwide cohort study.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2026Article
- Heart Disease in Older Women: Unique Challenges in Diagnosis and Management.Current cardiology reports · 2026Review
- Association of serum lactate and one-year mortality among women with coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: filling gaps in female.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2026Observational
- Sex-specific differences in coronary blood flow dynamics during coronary artery bypass surgery.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2026Article
- Article
- Association between female sex and short-term mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2026Article
- Article
- Equity at the Intersection of Heart Failure and Interventions: A Review of the Spectrum From Ambulatory Care to Cardiogenic Shock.Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions · 2026Review
- Comprehensive transcriptomics and proteomics analysis of neointima formation in human saphenous vein: implications for bypass graft disease.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2026Article
- Aortic manipulation proxy score predicts early stroke after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting: an international multicenter cohort study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Sex-related differences in conduit strategy and early outcomes after sternum-sparing on-pump multivessel CABG via left anterior thoracotomy.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Coronary artery surgery outcome differences by sex.Indian journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery · 2026Review
- Etiology of Coronary Reintervention After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2025Article
- The impact of low body mass index on clinical outcomes after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.JTCVS open · 2025Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
26 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimsData suggest that women have worse outcomes than men after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), but results have been inconsistent across studies. Due to the large differences in baseline characteristics between sexes, suboptimal risk adjustment due to low-quality data may be the reason for the observed differences. To overcome this limitation, we undertook a systematic review and pooled analysis of high-quality individual patient data from large CABG trials to compare the adjusted outcomes of women and men. METHODS AND
resultsThe primary outcome was a composite of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and repeat revascularization (major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events, MACCE). The secondary outcome was all-cause mortality. Multivariable mixed-effect Cox regression was used. Four trials involving 13 193 patients (10 479 males; 2714 females) were included. Over 5 years of follow-up, women had a significantly higher risk of MACCE [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-1.21; P = 0.004] but similar mortality (adjusted HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.94-1.14; P = 0.51) compared to men. Women had higher incidence of MI (adjusted HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.11-1.52) and repeat revascularization (adjusted HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.04-1.43) but not stroke (adjusted HR 1.17, 95% CI 0.90-1.52). The difference in MACCE between sexes was not significant in patients 75 years and older. The use of off-pump surgery and multiple arterial grafting did not modify the difference between sexes.
conclusionsWomen have worse outcomes than men in the first 5 years after CABG. This difference is not significant in patients aged over 75 years and is not affected by the surgical technique.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.