ArticleHLA2021
HLA genetic polymorphism in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Midwestern United States.
Article in HLA, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Post-COVID syndrome in Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh: a systematic narrative review of epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and healthcare system responses.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- The Expanding Role of HLA-E in Host Defense: A Target for Broadly Applicable Vaccines and Immunotherapies.Cells · 2025Review
- Association between HLA genetics and SARS-CoV-2 infection in a large real-world cohort.Genes and immunity · 2025Article
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- Article
- Genetic variants inFrontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Associations Between Clinical Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and HLA Alleles in a Caucasian Population: A Molecular HLA Typing Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Narrative Review Explaining the Role ofInfectious disease reports · 2024Review
- The Influence of HLA Polymorphisms on the Severity of COVID-19 in the Romanian Population.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The molecular mechanisms of CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- A bioinformatic analysis of T-cell epitope diversity in SARS-CoV-2 variants: association with COVID-19 clinical severity in the United States population.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- The role of HLA genetic variants in COVID-19 susceptibility, severity, and mortality: A global review.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2024Review
- Association between SARS-CoV-2 Symptoms, Ct Values, and Serological Response in Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Healthcare Personnel.The journal of applied laboratory medicine · 2023Article
- The role of the HLA allelic repertoire on the clinical severity of COVID-19 in Canadians, living in the Saskatchewan province.Human immunology · 2023Article
- HLA class I associations with the severity of COVID-19 disease in the United Arab Emirates.PloS one · 2023Article
- HLA alleles associated with COVID-19 susceptibility and severity in different populations: a systematic review.The Egyptian journal of medical human genetics · 2023Review
- On the peptide binding affinity changes in population-specific HLA repertoires to the SARS-CoV-2 variants Delta and Omicron.Journal of autoimmunity · 2022Article
- HLA-B evolutionary divergence is associated with outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection.Human immunology · 2022Article
- HLA variation and antigen presentation in COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 infection.Current opinion in immunology · 2022Review
- Susceptibility and Severity of COVID-19 Are Both Associated With Lower Overall Viral-Peptide Binding Repertoire of HLA Class I Molecules, Especially in Younger People.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The experience of individuals with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) ranges from asymptomatic to life threatening multi-organ dysfunction. Specific HLA alleles may affect the predisposition to severe COVID-19 because of their role in presenting viral peptides to launch the adaptive immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this population-based case-control study in the midwestern United States, we performed high-resolution HLA typing of 234 cases hospitalized for COVID-19 in the St. Louis metropolitan area and compared their HLA allele frequencies with those of 22,000 matched controls from the National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP). We identified two predisposing alleles, HLA-DRB1*08:02 in the Hispanic group (OR = 9.0, 95% confidence interval: 2.2-37.9; adjusted p = 0.03) and HLA-A*30:02 in younger African Americans with ages below the median (OR = 2.2, 1.4-3.6; adjusted p = 0.01), and several candidate alleles with potential associations with COVID-19 in African American, White, and Hispanic groups. We also detected risk-associated amino acid residues in the peptide binding grooves of some of these alleles, suggesting the presence of functional associations. These findings support the notion that specific HLA alleles may be protective or predisposing factors to COVID-19. Future consortium analysis of pooled cases and controls is warranted to validate and extend these findings, and correlation with viral peptide binding studies will provide additional evidence for the functional association between HLA alleles and COVID-19.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.