ArticleJournal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle2021
Association of systemic inflammation with survival in patients with cancer cachexia: results from a multicentre cohort study.
Article in Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 116 citations in OpenAlex.
- A health-system-scale, episode-resolved multimodal atlas of cancer cachexia.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Nutritional Risk and Unmet Nutritional Need in Ambulatory Patients Undergoing Systemic Anti-Cancer Therapies.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2026Observational
- Dual-center development and validation of an immunoinflammatory-based preoperative model for predicting postoperative cachexia in colorectal cancer.Updates in surgery · 2026Article
- Systemic Inflammatory Biomarkers as Prognostic Indicators in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Retrospective Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Observational
- Vitamin D Receptor rs731236 Polymorphism Modulates Cancer Cachexia Susceptibility and Overall Survival: A Real-World Study on Context-Dependent Vitamin D Signalling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Genetic Variability in the IGF-1 Axis Modulates Cancer-Associated Cachexia and Prognosis.Cancers · 2026Article
- Pretreatment C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose index predicts survival in patients with FLOT-treated locally advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- Association Between Neutrophil Percentage-to-Albumin Ratio (NPAR) and the Prognosis of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.Cancers · 2026Article
- Association between C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio and the risk of overall survival in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients with anlotinib treatment: a retrospective cohort study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Predictors of the early discontinuation of anamorelin hydrochloride in gastrointestinal cancer-related cachexia: a multicenter retrospective cohort study (HGCSG2201).Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Article
- Association between serum transferrin and overall survival in cancer patients: a multi-center cohort study.BMC cancer · 2026Observational
- Cancer cachexia: molecular basis and therapeutic advances.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is associated with early cervical shortening after cerclage: a single-center cohort study integrating C-reactive protein.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Association between dietary fiber intake and cancer cachexia: mediation by inflammatory biomarkers.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Development and internal validation of a predictive model for clinical deterioration in newly diagnosed lung cancer patients based on interpretable machine learning.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- HIV-Associated Lymphomas: Updates from Pathogenesis to Treatment Strategies.Current HIV research · 2026Review
- Correlation between sarcopenia diagnosed by C3SMI criteria and prognosis in esophageal cancer patients after radiotherapy.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2025Article
- Association of an impaired GH-IGF-I axis with cardiac wasting in patients with advanced cancer.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2025Article
- A Cross-Sectional Study: Association Between Nutritional Quality and Cancer Cachexia, Anthropometric Measurements, and Psychological Symptoms.Nutrients · 2025Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlthough systemic inflammation is an important feature of the cancer cachexia, studies on the association between systemic inflammation and prognostic of cancer cachexia are limited. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is associated with outcome and quality of life for patients with cancer cachexia and investigated any interaction between NLR and the clinical parameters.
methodsThis is a multicentre cohort study of 2612 cancer patients suffering from cachexia diagnosed between June 2012 and December 2019. The main parameters measured were overall survival (OS) time and all-cause mortality. The association between NLR and all-cause mortality was evaluated using hazard ratios (HRs) and the restricted cubic spline model with a two-sided P-value. Optimal stratification was used to solve threshold points. We also evaluated the cross-classification of NLR for each variable of survival.
resultsOf the 2612 participants diagnosed with cancer cachexia, 1533 (58.7%) were male, and the mean (SD) age was 58.7 (11.7) years. Over a median follow-up of 4.5 years, we observed 1189 deaths. The overall mortality rate for patients with cancer cachexia during the first 12 months was 30.2% (95%CI: 28.4%-32.0%), resulting in a rate of 226.07 events per 1000 patient-years. An increase in NLR had an inverted L-shaped dose-response association with all-cause mortality. The optimal cut-off point for NLR as a predictor of mortality in cancer patients with cachexia was 3.5. An NLR of 3.5 or greater could independently predict OS (HR, 1.51, 95%CI: 1.33-1.71). These associations were consistent across subtypes of cancer. Several potential effect modifiers were identified including gender, BMI, tumour type, KPS score and albumin in content. Increasing NLRs were independently associated with a worsening in the majority of EORTC QLQ-C30 domains. Elevated baseline NLR was associated with low response and poor survival in patients treated with immunotherapy.
conclusionsThe baseline NLR status was found to be a significant negative prognostic biomarker for patients with cachexia; this effect was independent of other known prognostic factors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.