Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34337609›Full record

ArticleCogSci ... Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Cognitive Science Society (U.S.). Conference

Comparing Adaptive and Random Spacing Schedules during Learning to Mastery Criteria.

Everett Mettler, Timothy Burke, Christine M Massey, Philip J Kellman

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC
In one paragraph

Article in CogSci ... Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Cognitive Science Society (U.S.). Conference. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Adaptive training instructional interventions: A meta-analysis.Military psychology : the official journal of the Division of Military Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Adaptive vs. Fixed Spacing of Learning Items: Evidence from Studies of Learning and Transfer in Chemistry Education.CogSci ... Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Cognitive Science Society (U.S.). Conference
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Everett MettlerDepartment of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Timothy BurkeDepartment of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Christine M MasseyDepartment of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
Philip J KellmanDepartment of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.

Funding

Perceptual and Adaptive Learning in Cancer Image InterpretationR01CA236791 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI KELLMAN, PHILIP J · 2019 to 2022
$2.0M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA236791
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Adaptive generation of spacing intervals in learning using response times improves learning relative to both adaptive systems that do not use response times and fixed spacing schemes (Mettler, Massey & Kellman, 2016). Studies have often used limited presentations (e.g., 4) of each learning item. Does adaptive practice benefit learning if items are presented until attainment of objective mastery criteria? Does it matter if mastered items drop out of the active learning set? We compared adaptive and non-adaptive spacing under conditions of mastery and dropout. Experiment 1 compared random presentation order with no dropout to adaptive spacing and mastery using the ARTS (Adaptive Response-time-based Sequencing) system. Adaptive spacing produced better retention than random presentation. Experiment 2 showed clear learning advantages for adaptive spacing compared to random schedules that also included dropout. Adaptive spacing performs better than random schedules of practice, including when learning proceeds to mastery and items drop out when mastered.

Indexed as

adaptive learningmastery learningmemoryoptimal practicespacing effect

Identifiers

PMID34337609
PMCPMC8324179

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.