ArticleEuropean urology open science2021
Second Primary Cancers After Kidney Cancers, and Kidney Cancers as Second Primary Cancers.
Article in European urology open science, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk of developing a second primary cancer following a renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International urology and nephrology · 2026Pooled it
- Risks of colorectal and extracolonic cancers following colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2025Pooled it
- Risk of developing subsequent primary breast cancer among non-breast cancer survivors: a retrospective cohort study.Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Article
- Next-generation sequencing identifies the mutational signature of double primary and metastatic malignancies: A case report.Current urology · 2025Article
- Clinical and survival differences between second primary and first primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a retrospective study.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Prognostic factors and nomogram development for survival in renal cell carcinoma patients with multiple primary cancers: a retrospective study.Translational andrology and urology · 2025Article
- Risk-based screening and prognostic analysis for second primary malignancies in kidney cancer patients: a retrospective cohort study based on large-scale population and Mendelian randomization analysis.International journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Pulmonary lesion after surgery for renal cancer: progression or new primary?World journal of urology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSecond primary cancers (SPCs) are increasing due to improving survival in first primary cancers. Previous studies on SPCs in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have focused on treatment and other risk factors, but data of RCC as an SPC are scarce.
objectiveIn this study, we want to elucidate the risk for any SPC after RCC, and in reverse order, for RCC as an SPC after any cancer. We additionally consider how family histories influence the risks. DESIGN SETTING AND
participantsPatient data were obtained from the Swedish Cancer Registry from years 1990 through 2015, and family data were obtained from the Multigeneration Register. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: We employed standardized incidence ratios to estimate bidirectional relative risks of subsequent cancer associated with RCC. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: We identified 17 587 RCCs (60% in male patients). The highest increases for SPCs were observed for nervous system hemangioblastoma (HB; 26.8), adrenal (12.09) tumors, and renal pelvic cancer (6.32). In the reverse order, RCC as an SPC, nervous system HB (17.01), and adrenal tumors (15.34) were associated with the highest risks. Risks for many other sites (12 sites and subsites) were increased bidirectionally. For women, a total of seven sites and subsites were increased bidirectionally, and many were shared with men. The only significant sex difference in SPCs was the higher lung cancer risk in women (2.41) than in men (1.28). Patients with a family history of HBs or of prostate, colorectal and lung cancers showed high risks of these cancers as SPCs after RCC. Family history accounted for 30% of prostate cancers after RCC.
conclusionsThe bidirectional study design was able to suggest risk factors for SPCs and offered a clinical take-home message urging to consider strategies for early detection and prevention of SPCs. Readily available information on lifestyle (eg, smoking) and family history (eg, prostate cancer) may reveal targets for risk reduction with prognostic benefits. PATIENT SUMMARY: Close to 10% of kidney cancer patients develop another cancer. The cause for these other cancers may not depend on kidney cancer.
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Registered trials
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