Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34337369›Full record

ReviewJHEP reports : innovation in hepatology2021

Portal hypertension in cirrhosis: Pathophysiological mechanisms and therapy.

Yasuko Iwakiri, Jonel Trebicka

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 121 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
121citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
16.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

121 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 198 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Guideline
  3. Pooled it
  4. Trial
  5. Actin cytoskeletal dynamics in hepatic myofibroblasts and fibrosis.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. The Role of Nitric Oxide in Chronic Liver Disease: A Review.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2026
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. [Pathophysiological mechanisms of coagulation dysfunction associated with liver disease].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2026
    Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Effect of Nutritional Status on Coagulation and Inflammation in Patients With Cirrhosis and Variceal Bleeding.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026
    Article

61 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.

Yasuko IwakiriSection of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Jonel TrebickaTranslational Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Clinic Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
University Hospital Frankfurt · DEYale University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Portal hypertension, defined as increased pressure in the portal vein, develops as a consequence of increased intrahepatic vascular resistance due to the dysregulation of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), frequently arising from chronic liver diseases. Extrahepatic haemodynamic changes contribute to the aggravation of portal hypertension. The pathogenic complexity of portal hypertension and the unsuccessful translation of preclinical studies have impeded the development of effective therapeutics for patients with cirrhosis, while counteracting hepatic and extrahepatic mechanisms also pose a major obstacle to effective treatment. In this review article, we will discuss the following topics: i) cellular and molecular mechanisms of portal hypertension, focusing on dysregulation of LSECs, HSCs and hepatic microvascular thrombosis, as well as changes in the extrahepatic vasculature, since these are the major contributors to portal hypertension; ii) translational/clinical advances in our knowledge of portal hypertension; and iii) future directions.

Indexed as

ACE2, angiogenesis-converting enzyme 2ACLF, acute-on-chronic liver failureangiogenesisAT1R, angiotensin II type I receptorCCL2, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2CCl4, carbon tetrachlorideCLD, chronic liver diseaseCSPH, clinically significant portal hypertensionDll4, delta like canonical Notch ligand 4ECM, extracellular matrixeNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthaseEUS, endoscopic ultrasoundfibrosisFXRFXR, farnesoid X receptorHCC, hepatocellular carcinomaHRS, hepatorenal syndromeHSCHSCs, hepatic stellate cellsHsp90, heat shock protein 90HVPG, hepatic venous pressure gradientJAK2, Janus kinase 2KO, knockoutliver stiffnessLSECLSEC, liver sinusoidal endothelial cellsMLCP, myosin light-chain phosphataseNET, neutrophil extracellular trapNONO, nitric oxideNSBBNSBBs, non-selective beta blockersPDE, phosphodiesterasePDGF, platelet-derived growth factorPIGF, placental growth factorPKG, cGMP-dependent protein kinaseRho-kinasestatinsTIPSTIPS, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shuntVCAM1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1VEGFVEGF, vascular endothelial growth factorβ1-AR, β1-adrenergic receptorβ2-AR, β2-adrenergic receptorβ-Arr2, β-arrestin 2

Identifiers

PMID34337369
PMCPMC8318926
OpenAlexW3169276191

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.