ArticleiScience2021
A realistic transfer method reveals low risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission via contaminated euro coins and banknotes.
Article in iScience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Surface Composition and Temperature Interact to Shape Viral Survival and Growth.Environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- A novel method of simulated-use surface disinfection efficacy testing as Phase 3 Step 1 approach.Infection prevention in practice · 2026Article
- Infectivity duration of HCoV-OC43, a surrogate for SARS-CoV-2, in artificial bodily fluids on stainless steel simulating common nonporous surfaces.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Network-based virus dynamic simulation: Evaluating the fomite disinfection effectiveness on SARS-CoV-2 transmission in indoor environment.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2025Article
- Article
- A narrative review of alternative transmission routes of COVID 19: what we know so far.Pathogens and global health · 2023Review
- Risk assessment of banknotes as a fomite of SARS-CoV-2 in cash payment transactions.Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis · 2023Article
- Fomite Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and Its Contributing Factors.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Ancestral Lineage of SARS-CoV-2 Is More Stable in Human Biological Fluids than Alpha, Beta, and Omicron Variants of Concern.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Low Risk of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Transmission by Fomites: A Clinical Observational Study in Highly Infectious Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Observational
- Pandemic payment patterns.Journal of banking & finance · 2022Article
- Disinfection and decontamination in the context of SARS-CoV-2-specific data.Journal of medical virology · 2022Review
- Ancestral lineage of SARS-CoV-2 is more stable in human biological fluids than Alpha, Beta and Omicron variants of concern.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2022Article
- A touch transfer assay to determine surface transmission of highly pathogenic viruses.STAR protocols · 2022Article
- Article
- Transmission of Respiratory Viral Diseases to Health Care Workers: COVID-19 as an Example.Annual review of public health · 2022Review
- Presence and stability of SARS-CoV-2 on environmental currency and money cards in Utah reveals a lack of live virus.PloS one · 2022Article
- COVID-19 Pandemic: Public Health Risk Assessment and Risk Mitigation Strategies.Journal of personalized medicine · 2021Review
- Higher Concentrations of Bacterial Enveloped Virus Phi6 Can Protect the Virus from Environmental Decay.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has created a significant threat to global health. While respiratory aerosols or droplets are considered as the main route of human-to-human transmission, secretions expelled by infected individuals can also contaminate surfaces and objects, potentially creating the risk of fomite-based transmission. Consequently, frequently touched objects such as paper currency and coins have been suspected as potential transmission vehicle. To assess the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission by banknotes and coins, we examined the stability of SARS-CoV-2 and bovine coronavirus, as surrogate with lower biosafety restrictions, on these different means of payment and developed a touch transfer method to examine transfer efficiency from contaminated surfaces to fingertips. Although we observed prolonged virus stability, our results indicate that transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via contaminated coins and banknotes is unlikely and requires high viral loads and a timely order of specific events.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.