ArticleJOR spine2021
Development of a standardized histopathology scoring system for intervertebral disc degeneration and regeneration in rabbit models-An initiative of the ORSspine section.
Article in JOR spine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intervertebral disc degeneration.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- Development and Histopathological Validation of a Novel Unilateral Three-Level Lumbar Artery Ligation Model of Progressive Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.Orthopedic reviews · 2026Article
- Article
- Establishment of rabbit models of lumbar disc degeneration using three methods monitored via X-ray: a comparative study.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Article
- Short-Term Dynamic Unloading of Bovine Tail Discs in Culture Partially Mitigates Induced Degeneration After One-Strike Trigger.JOR spine · 2025Article
- Establishment of intervertebral disc degeneration models; A review of the currently used models.Journal of orthopaedics · 2024Review
- Osteoporosis treatments for intervertebral disc degeneration and back pain: a perspective.JBMR plus · 2024Article
- Lateral fenestration of lumbar intervertebral discs in rabbits: development and characterisation of an in vivo preclinical model with multi-modal endpoint analysis.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2024Article
- INTERVERTEBRAL DISC DEGENERATION INSTIGATES VERTEBRAL ENDPLATE REMODELING AND FACET JOINT PATHOLOGY IN A LARGE ANIMAL MODEL.European cells & materials · 2024Article
- Immunization against nucleus pulposus antigens to accelerate degenerative disc disease in a rabbit model.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Characterization of pain-related behaviors in a rat model of acute-to-chronic low back pain: single vs. multi-level disc injury.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Mechanical crosstalk between the intervertebral disc, facet joints, and vertebral endplate following acute disc injury in a rabbit model.JOR spine · 2023Article
- Regenerative effects of platelet-rich plasma releasate injection in rabbit discs degenerated by intradiscal injection of condoliase.Arthritis research & therapy · 2023Article
- Preclinical in vivo animal models of intervertebral disc degeneration. Part 1: A systematic review.JOR spine · 2023Review
- Comprehensive narrative review on the analysis of outcomes from cell transplantation clinical trials for discogenic low back pain.North American Spine Society journal · 2023Article
- Controversies in spine research: Organ culture versus in vivo models for studies of the intervertebral disc.JOR spine · 2022Review
- ISSLS Prize in Bioengineering Science 2022: low rate cyclic loading as a therapeutic strategy for intervertebral disc regeneration.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2022Article
- Intradiscal injection of monosodium iodoacetate induces intervertebral disc degeneration in an experimental rabbit model.Arthritis research & therapy · 2021Article
- A Collagen Basketweave from the Giant Squid Mantle as a Robust Scaffold for Tissue Engineering.Marine drugs · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 13 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe rabbit lumbar spine is a commonly utilized model for studying intervertebral disc degeneration and for the pre-clinical evaluation of regenerative therapies. Histopathology is the foundation for which alterations to disc morphology and cellularity with degeneration, or following repair or treatment are assessed. Despite this, no standardized histology grading scale has yet been established for the spine field for any of the frequently utilized animal models.
aimsThe purpose of this study was to establish a new standardized scoring system to assess disc degeneration and regeneration in the rabbit model. MATERIALS AND
methodsThe scoring system was formulated following a review of the literature and a survey of spine researchers. Validation of the scoring system was carried out using images provided by 4 independent laboratories, which were graded by 12 independent graders of varying experience levels. Reliability testing was performed via the computation of intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) for each category and the total score. The scoring system was then further refined based on the results of the ICC analysis and discussions amongst the authors.
resultsThe final general scoring system involves scoring 7 features (nucleus pulposus shape, area, cellularity and matrix condensation, annulus fibrosus/nucleus pulposus border appearance, annulus fibrosus morphology, and endplate sclerosis/thickening) on a 0 (healthy) to 2 (severe degeneration) scale. ICCs demonstrated overall moderate to good agreement across graders. An addendum to the main scoring system is also included for use in studies evaluating regenerative therapeutics, which involves scoring cell cloning and morphology within the nucleus pulposus and inner annulus fibrosus. DISCUSSION: Overall, this new scoring system provides an avenue to improve standardization, allow a more accurate comparison between labs and more robust evaluation of pathophysiology and regenerative treatments across the field.
conclusionThis study developed a histopathology scoring system for degeneration and regeneration in the rabbit model based on reported practice in the literature, a survey of spine researchers, and validation testing.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.