ArticleExposure and health2021
Low‑Level Environmental Heavy Metals are Associated with Obesity Among Postmenopausal Women in a Southern State.
Article in Exposure and health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring saliva as a biofluid for biomonitoring of diet-related contaminants exposure: insights from a literature mining approach.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Review
- Arsenic, mercury, manganese, and lead exposure in Mexican adults aged 50 and older.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2025Article
- Association between Heavy Metals, Metalloids and Metabolic Syndrome: New Insights and Approaches.Toxics · 2023Review
- Metal Homeostasis and Exposure in Distinct Phenotypic Subtypes of Insulin Resistance among Children with Obesity.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Donkey whey protein and peptides regulate gut microbiota community and physiological functions of D-galactose-induced aging mice.Food science & nutrition · 2023Article
- Article
- Arsenic in brown rice: do the benefits outweigh the risks?Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Review
- The effects of chemical mixtures on lipid profiles in the Korean adult population: threshold and molecular mechanisms for dyslipidemia involved.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Hair Lead, Aluminum, and Other Toxic Metals in Normal-Weight and Obese Patients with Coronary Heart Disease.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Both arsenic and cadmium are reported to be toxic to humans. The use of saliva as a biomarker of low-level exposures to these elements has not been adequately explored, and the putative relationship between exposure and obesity is unclear. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the relationship between salivary arsenic and cadmium concentrations and their association with obesity. Arsenic and cadmium concentrations were analyzed in human saliva samples by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry on 270 randomly selected women who participated in the Arkansas Rural Community Health Study. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association between heavy metal concentrations and obesity. Stratified logistic regression was performed based on menopausal status. Generalized linear models were used to evaluate weight gain velocity. Significant positive associations were observed in postmenopausal women for both arsenic (OR = 4.43, 95% CI 1.91-10.28) and cadmium (OR = 2.72, 95% CI 1.23-5.99) concentrations, as well as significant trends among tertiles (
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.