ReviewFrontiers in nutrition2021
Ketogenic Diets and Chronic Disease: Weighing the Benefits Against the Risks.
Review in Frontiers in nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 122 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
122 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 210 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adverse events and tolerability of ketogenic diets - a systematic literature analysis.BMC nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Relationship between Aging and Ketogenic Diet: A Bibliometric Analysis (1995-2025)Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Nutritional Counseling During Chemotherapy Treatment: A Systematic Review of Feasibility, Safety, and Efficacy.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of ketogenic diet on cognitive function of patients with Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2024Pooled it
- The effects of low-carbohydrate diet on glucose and lipid metabolism in overweight or obese patients with T2DM: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD).Obesity facts · 2024Guideline
- Effects of ketogenic diet on health outcomes: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials.BMC medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Dietary Patterns and Non-Communicable Disease Biomarkers: A Network Meta-Analysis and Nutritional Geometry Approach.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Medium-chain triglycerides may improve memory in non-demented older adults: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.BMC geriatrics · 2022Pooled it
- Levels of Trace Elements in the Lens, Aqueous Humour, and Plasma of Cataractous Patients-A Narrative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of Ketogenic Diet on Quality of Life in Adults with Chronic Disease: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- A randomized safety and feasibility crossover trial of two Mediterranean-ketogenic interventions in individuals with Parkinson's disease.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2026Trial
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- The Ketogenic Diet as Adjunctive Strategy in Cancer Treatment-Therapeutic Benefits and Metabolic Risk Using Breast Cancer as an Example.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Current Evidence-Based Clinical Nutritional Approaches in Lipedema: A Scoping Review.Nutrition reviews · 2026Article
- HFpEF and MASLD: converging mechanisms and clinical implications.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- Laboratory Monitoring of Nutritional Deficiencies in Children Following Restrictive Diets: A Narrative Review and Risk-Based Considerations.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
62 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Very-low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets have been long been used to reduce seizure frequency and more recently have been promoted for a variety of health conditions, including obesity, diabetes, and liver disease. Ketogenic diets may provide short-term improvement and aid in symptom management for some chronic diseases. Such diets affect diet quality, typically increasing intake of foods linked to chronic disease risk and decreasing intake of foods found to be protective in epidemiological studies. This review examines the effects of ketogenic diets on common chronic diseases, as well as their impact on diet quality and possible risks associated with their use. Given often-temporary improvements, unfavorable effects on dietary intake, and inadequate data demonstrating long-term safety, for most individuals, the risks of ketogenic diets may outweigh the benefits.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.