Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34336766›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in public health2021

National Health Systems and COVID-19 Death Toll Doubling Time.

Miguel Alfaro, Diego Muñoz-Godoy, Manuel Vargas, Guillermo Fuertes, Claudia Duran, Rodrigo Ternero, Jorge Sabattin, Sebastian Gutierrez, Natalia Karstegl

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Miguel AlfaroDepartamento de Ingeniería Industrial, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Diego Muñoz-GodoyFacultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.
Manuel VargasDepartamento de Ingeniería Industrial, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Guillermo FuertesDepartamento de Ingeniería Industrial, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Claudia DuranDepartamento de Industria, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile.
Rodrigo TerneroDepartamento de Ingeniería Industrial, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Jorge SabattinFacultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
Sebastian GutierrezFacultad de Economía, Gobierno y Comunicaciones, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Natalia KarsteglFacultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has placed stress on all National Health Systems (NHSs) worldwide. Recent studies on the disease have evaluated different variables, namely, quarantine models, mitigation efforts, damage to mental health, mortality of the population with chronic diseases, diagnosis, use of masks and social distancing, and mortality based on age. This study focused on the four NHSs recognized by the WHO. These systems are as follows: (1) The Beveridge model, (2) the Bismarck model, (3) the National Health Insurance (NHI) model, and (4) the "Out-of-Pocket" model. The study analyzes the response of the health systems to the pandemic by comparing the time in days required to double the number of disease-related deaths. The statistical analysis was limited to 56 countries representing 70% of the global population. Each country was grouped into the health system defined by the WHO. The study compared the median death toll DT, between health systems using Mood's median test method. The results show high variability of the temporal trends in each group; none of the health systems for the three analyzed periods maintain stable interquartile ranges (IQRs). Nevertheless, the results obtained show similar medians between the study groups. The COVID-19 pandemic saturates health systems regardless of their management structures, and the result measured with the time for doubling death rate variable is similar among the four NHSs.

Indexed as

COVID-19PandemicsHumansMasksQuarantineSARS-CoV-2coronavirusCOVID-19death ratenational health systemsnon-parametric test

Identifiers

PMID34336766
PMCPMC8319632

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.