ReviewFrontiers in oncology2021
The Immune Microenvironment in Brain Metastases of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.
Review in Frontiers in oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Organ-specific patterns and prognostic impact of lung cancer recurrence after complete resection.General thoracic and cardiovascular surgery · 2026Article
- Ionizing Radiation Enhances Prognostically Significant Cellular Immunity Programs in the Brain Metastasis Microenvironment.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Article
- Article
- Research progress of anti-angiogenic therapy combined with immunotherapy and radiotherapy for the treatment of brain metastases in non-small cell lung cancer (Review).Oncology letters · 2025Review
- Insights into the Anticancer Mechanisms Modulated by Gamma and Delta Tocotrienols in Colorectal Cancers.Nutrition reviews · 2025Review
- Molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways related to brain metastasis in breast cancer.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Construction of nomogram model of poor prognosis for patients newly diagnosed with brain metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer based on clinical pathology and prognostic scores.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- EZH2 G553C significantly increases the risk of brain metastasis from lung cancer due to salt bridge instability.Cancer cell international · 2024Article
- A comprehensive neuroimaging review of the primary and metastatic brain tumors treated with immunotherapy: current status, and the application of advanced imaging approaches and artificial intelligence.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- The Journey of Cancer Cells to the Brain: Challenges and Opportunities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Review
- TME-targeted approaches of brain metastases and its clinical therapeutic evidence.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Expression in Lung Cancer and Paired Brain Metastases-a Single-Center Study in 190 Patients.JTO clinical and research reports · 2022Article
- Navigate Towards the Immunotherapy Era: Value of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients With Brain Metastases.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Tumor microenvironment and exosomes in brain metastasis: Molecular mechanisms and clinical application.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Effect of stereotactic radiotherapy on immune microenvironment of lung cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Brain metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer is associated with poor survival outcomes and poses rough clinical challenges. At the era of immunotherapy, it is urgent to perform a comprehensive study uncovering the specific immune microenvironment of brain metastases of NSCLC. The immune microenvironment of brain is distinctly different from microenvironments of extracranial lesions. In this review, we summarized the process of brain metastases across the barrier and revealed that brain is not completely immune-privileged. We comprehensively described the specific components of immune microenvironment for brain metastases such as central nervous system-derived antigen-presenting cells, microglia and astrocytes. Besides, the difference of immune microenvironment between brain metastases and primary foci of lung was particularly demonstrated.
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