SynthesisFrontiers in oncology2021
Consideration of Surrogate Endpoints for Overall Survival Associated With First-Line Immunotherapy in Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer.
Synthesis in Frontiers in oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- The efficacy and safety of immunotherapy as first-line treatment for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: evaluating based on reconstructed individual patient data.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- The combination of chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors in recurrent extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: a case report.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2025Article
- Real-world outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitors as second-line therapy for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: a multicenter retrospective analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Small cell lung cancer associated small bowel obstruction, a diagnostic conundrum: A case report.Clinical case reports · 2024Article
- Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety in First-Line Treatment Methods for Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Comprehensive Comparative Study of Chemotherapy, Targeted Therapy Combined With Chemotherapy, and Immunotherapy Combined With Chemotherapy.The clinical respiratory journal · 2024Article
- The occurrence of asthma in an extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer patient after combination therapy with atezolizumab and anlotinib: a case report.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Intermediate endpoints as surrogates for outcomes in cancer immunotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of phase 3 trials.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
- Long-term survival in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer treated with different immune checkpoint inhibitors in multiple-line therapies: A case report and literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chemotherapy is known to improve overall survival (OS) in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). ICIs have different response patterns and survival kinetics characteristics from those of the traditional chemotherapy. In first-line treatment for ES-SCLC, there is an urgent need for surrogate endpoints for the early and accurate prediction of OS. This study aimed to assess progression-free survival (PFS), milestone OS rate, milestone restricted mean survival time (RMST), overall response rate (ORR), and disease control rate (DCR) as proposed surrogate endpoints for OS in ES-SCLC for first-line immunotherapy trials.
methodsBetween January 1, 2013, and December 2020, published articles on randomized clinical trials of ICIs plus chemotherapy in patients with ES-SCLC as first-line therapy were searched in PubMed. Abstracts from the ESMO, ASCO, and WCLC, reported from 2018 onwards, were also searched. A weighted regression analysis based on the weighted least squares method was performed on log-transformed estimates of treatment effect, and the determination coefficient (R
resultsSeven trials, representing 3,009 patients, were included to make up a total of 16 analyzed arms. The ratio of the 12-month OS milestone rate (r = -0.790, P = 0.011, R
conclusionsThe results suggested a strong correlation among the ratio of OS milestone rates at 12 months, ratios of OS milestone RMSTs at 12 and 24 months, and HR for OS. The results indicate that OS milestone rates and OS milestone RMSTs could be considered surrogate endpoints of OS in future first-line immunotherapy trials for ES-SCLC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.