ReviewThe Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale2021
The Effectiveness of Interventions in Improving Hand Hygiene Compliance: A Meta-Analysis and Logic Model.
Review in The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- ATP Bioluminescence Feedback Is Associated with Reduced Residual Hand Contamination Among Healthcare Workers: A Single-Center Before-and-After Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Multiphase terminal environmental disinfection targeting Acinetobacter baumannii sustains reduction in multidrug-resistant organism healthcare-associated infections in an ICU.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2026Article
- Does a multimodal educational intervention involving pre-intern 'hand hygiene covert observers' improve hand hygiene compliance among medical interns?Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2025Article
- Article
- The Mechanism by 18 RCTs Psychosocial Interventions Affect the Personality, Emotions, and Behaviours of Paediatric and Young Adult Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Biofilm Resilience: Molecular Mechanisms Driving Antibiotic Resistance in Clinical Contexts.Biology · 2025Review
- [Hand hygiene in the operating room (OR)-(not) an issue?]Unfallchirurgie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDespite the availability of various guidelines, rules, and strategies, hand hygiene adherence rates among healthcare workers are reported significantly lower than expected. The aim of this meta-analysis is to determine the most effective interventions to improve hand hygiene and to develop a logic model based on the characteristics of the most effective interventions.
methodsA literature search was conducted on PubMed, ProQuest, Web of Knowledge, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect databases up to December 21, 2019, with no time limit. Randomized clinical trials which had designed interventions to improve hand hygiene were reviewed. Data were extracted independently by two authors. All statistical analyses were performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software (version 2.0). A random-effects model was used to estimate odds ratios.
resultsAlthough 14 studies were initially reviewed, only 12 studies entered the meta-analysis, since they had identified percentage rates of hand hygiene compliance. The most effective intervention (odds ratio 18.4, 95% CI (13.6-24.8)) was a multilevel strategy that influenced the determinants of hand hygiene behavior at individual, interpersonal, and organizational levels. Following this, a theory-driven logic model was mapped out to promote hand hygiene, based on situational analysis.
conclusionThis study suggests that designing integrated interventions based on a multilevel socioecological approach has the greatest potential to improve hand hygiene compliance in healthcare workers. The logical model proposed in this study can thus provide a useful guide for designing and conducting future experimental research.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.