ArticleJournal of oncology2021
The Heterogeneity of Infiltrating Macrophages in Metastatic Osteosarcoma and Its Correlation with Immunotherapy.
Article in Journal of oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Engineering Osteoimmune Responses with Functionalized Orthopedic Implants for Post-Operative Osteosarcoma Treatment.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Advances in the association between tumor immune microenvironment remodeling in osteosarcoma and the risk of pathological fractures.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Review
- Based on single-cell and transcriptome data, ferroptosis and the immunological landscape in osteosarcoma were discovered.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- NF-κB signaling and the tumor microenvironment in osteosarcoma: implications for immune evasion and therapeutic resistance.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Review
- Unlocking the tumor-immune microenvironment in osteosarcoma: insights into the immune landscape and mechanisms.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Metastasis-Related Signature for Clinically Predicting Prognosis and Tumor Immune Microenvironment of Osteosarcoma Patients.Molecular biotechnology · 2023Article
- Strategies to Overcome Resistance to Immune-Based Therapies in Osteosarcoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The Prognostic Model Established by the Differential Expression Genes Based on CD8Mediators of inflammation · 2023Article
- Development of personalized classifier based on metastasis and the immune microenvironment to predict the prognosis of osteosarcoma patients.Annals of translational medicine · 2022Article
- Heparin and Heparin-Based Drug Delivery Systems: Pleiotropic Molecular Effects at Multiple Drug Resistance of Osteosarcoma and Immune Cells.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Screening and verification of prognostic lncRNA markers related to immune infiltration in the metastasis of osteosarcoma.Translational cancer research · 2022Article
- Effects of microenvironment in osteosarcoma on chemoresistance and the promise of immunotherapy as an osteosarcoma therapeutic modality.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMetastatic osteosarcoma is a common and fatal bone tumor. Several studies have found that tumor-infiltrating immune cells play pivotal roles in the progression of metastatic osteosarcoma. However, the heterogeneity of infiltrating immune cells across metastatic and primary osteosarcoma remains unclear.
methodsImmune infiltration analysis was carried out via the "ESTIMATE" and "xCell" algorithms in primary and metastatic osteosarcoma. Then, we evaluated the prognostic value of infiltrating immune cells in 85 osteosarcomas through the Kaplan-Meier (K-M) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Infiltrations of macrophage M1 and M2 were evaluated in metastatic osteosarcoma, as well as their correlation with immune checkpoints. Macrophage-related prognostic genes were identified through Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis (WGCNA), Lasso analysis, and Random Forest algorithm. Finally, a macrophage-related risk model had been constructed and validated.
resultsMacrophages, especially the macrophage M1, sparingly infiltrated in metastatic compared with the primary osteosarcoma and predicted the worse overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Macrophage M1 was positively correlated with immune checkpoints PDCD1, CD274 (PD-L1), PDCD1LG2, CTLA4, and TIGIT. In addition, four macrophage-related prognostic genes (IL10, VAV1, CD14, and CCL2) had been identified, and the macrophage-related risk model had been validated to be reliable for evaluating prognosis in osteosarcoma. Simultaneously, the risk score showed a strong correlation with several immune checkpoints.
conclusionMacrophages potentially contribute to the regulation of osteosarcoma metastasis. It can be used as a candidate marker for metastatic osteosarcoma' prognosis and immune checkpoints blockades (ICBs) therapy. We constructed a macrophage-related risk model through machine-learning, which might help us evaluate patients' prognosis and response to ICBs therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.