ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
High-Density Blood Transcriptomics Reveals Precision Immune Signatures of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Hospitalized Individuals.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- To the homeRNAmax: Developing an Improved Blood Self-Collection and Stabilization Platform for Remote Transcriptomic Studies.Analytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Opportunities for RNA sequencing in physiology: from big data to understanding homeostasis and heterogeneity.Function (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- Viral Prognosis Using Proteomics.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- To the homeRNAmax: Developing an Improved Blood Self-Collection and Stabilization Platform for Remote Transcriptomic Studies.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Efficacy of convalescent plasma therapy in improving survival in non-immunized COVID-19 patients.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Severity of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and risk of new-onset autoimmune disease: A RECOVER initiative study in nationwide U.S. cohorts.PloS one · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Genotyping Highlights the Challenges in Spike Protein Drift Independent of Other Essential Proteins.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- COVID-19-Omics Report: From Individual Omics Approaches to Precision Medicine.Reports (MDPI) · 2023Review
- Dynamics of Gene Expression Profiling and Identification of High-Risk Patients for Severe COVID-19.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Blood leukocyte transcriptional modules and differentially expressed genes associated with disease severity and age in COVID-19 patients.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Multi-Organ Transcriptome Response of Lumpfish (Microorganisms · 2022Article
- Exome-Wide Association Study Reveals Host Genetic Variants Likely Associated with the Severity of COVID-19 in Patients of European Ancestry.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Increased mRNA Levels ofBiomedicines · 2022Article
- Methodology-Centered Review of Molecular Modeling, Simulation, and Prediction of SARS-CoV-2.Chemical reviews · 2022Review
- Assessing the potential relevance of CEACAM6 as a blood transcriptional biomarker.F1000Research · 2022Article
- The complex, dynamic SpliceOme of the small GTPase transcripts altered by technique, sex, genetics, tissue specificity, and RNA base editing.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Article
- The Emerging Role of the Serine Incorporator Protein Family in Regulating Viral Infection.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- Review
- Pathogenesis, Symptomatology, and Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through Analysis of Viral Genomics and Structure.mSystems · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
30 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The immune response to COVID-19 infection is variable. How COVID-19 influences clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients needs to be understood through readily obtainable biological materials, such as blood. We hypothesized that a high-density analysis of host (and pathogen) blood RNA in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 would provide mechanistic insights into the heterogeneity of response amongst COVID-19 patients when combined with advanced multidimensional bioinformatics for RNA. We enrolled 36 hospitalized COVID-19 patients (11 died) and 15 controls, collecting 74 blood PAXgene RNA tubes at multiple timepoints, one early and in 23 patients after treatment with various therapies. Total RNAseq was performed at high-density, with >160 million paired-end, 150 base pair reads per sample, representing the most sequenced bases per sample for any publicly deposited blood PAXgene tube study. There are 770 genes significantly altered in the blood of COVID-19 patients associated with antiviral defense, mitotic cell cycle, type I interferon signaling, and severe viral infections. Immune genes activated include those associated with neutrophil mechanisms, secretory granules, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), along with decreased gene expression in lymphocytes and clonal expansion of the acquired immune response. Therapies such as convalescent serum and dexamethasone reduced many of the blood expression signatures of COVID-19. Severely ill or deceased patients are marked by various secondary infections, unique gene patterns, dysregulated innate response, and peripheral organ damage not otherwise found in the cohort. High-density transcriptomic data offers shared gene expression signatures, providing unique insights into the immune system and individualized signatures of patients that could be used to understand the patient's clinical condition. Whole blood transcriptomics provides patient-level insights for immune activation, immune repertoire, and secondary infections that can further guide precision treatment.
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Registered trials
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