ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
Comprehensive Profiling of Inflammatory Factors Revealed That Growth Differentiation Factor-15 Is an Indicator of Disease Severity in COVID-19 Patients.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Organokines in COVID-19: A Systematic Review.Cells · 2023Pooled it
- Inflammation, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Frailty Over 3 Years in Survivors of COVID-19 ARDS vs Pneumonia.CHEST critical care · 2026Article
- Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 Persist Over 3 Years in Acute Lung Injury/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Survivors But Are Not Associated With Persistent Thromboinflammation or Endothelial Dysfunction.Critical care explorations · 2026Article
- GDF15 activates human fibroblast MRC5 cells via miR-338/STAT1 in silicosis.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Comparative Analyses Between Vulnerability Biomarkers of Aging and Health Biomarkers in Middle-Aged and Older Female Adults.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Growth Differentiation Factor-15 Is Considered a Predictive Biomarker of Long COVID in Non-hospitalized Patients.Cureus · 2024Article
- GDF-15 Levels and Other Laboratory Findings as Predictors of COVID-19 Severity and Mortality: A Pilot Study.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Proteomics validate circulating GDF-15 as an independent biomarker for COVID-19 severity.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Serum growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a biomarker of cardiac manifestations in children with COVID-19.European journal of medical research · 2023Article
- Cardiac Biomarkers and Their Role in Identifying Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Complications in COVID-19 Patients.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Organ and cell-specific biomarkers of Long-COVID identified with targeted proteomics and machine learning.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2023Article
- Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF-15) Levels Associate with Lower Survival in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with COVID-19.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Reduced circulating FABP2 in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 may indicate enterocyte functional change rather than cell death.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Growth differentiation factor 15 as an emerging novel biomarker in SARS-CoV-2 infection.World journal of methodology · 2022Article
- The Potential Role of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 in COVID-19: A Corollary Subjective Effect or Not?Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Prognostic Value of Catestatin in Severe COVID-19: An ICU-Based Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Gene Networks of Hyperglycemia, Diabetic Complications, and Human Proteins Targeted by SARS-CoV-2: What Is the Molecular Basis for Comorbidity?International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Laboratory medicine in pandemic of COVID-19.Biochemia medica · 2022Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To systematically explore potential biomarkers which can predict disease severity in COVID-19 patients and prevent the occurrence or development of severe COVID-19, the levels of 440 factors were analyzed in patients categorized according to COVID-19 disease severity; including asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe, convalescent and healthy control groups. Factor candidates were validated by ELISA and functional relevance was uncovered by bioinformatics analysis. To identify potential biomarkers of occurrence or development of COVID-19, patient sera from three different severity groups (moderate, severe, and critical) at three time points (admission, remission, and discharge) and the expression levels of candidate biomarkers were measured. Eleven differential factors associated with disease severity were pinpointed from 440 factors across 111 patients of differing disease severity. The dynamic changes of GDF15 reflect the progression of the disease, while the other differential factors include TRAIL R1, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-4, VCAM-1, sFRP-3, FABP2, Transferrin, GDF15, IL-1F7, IL-5Rα, and CD200. Elevation of white blood cell count, neutrophil count, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), Alanine aminotransferase and Aspartate aminotransferase, low lymphocyte and eosinophil counts in the severe group were associated with the severity of COVID-19. GDF15 levels were observed to be associated with the severity of COVID-19 and the dynamic change of GDF15 levels was closely associated with the COVID-19 disease progression. Therefore, GDF15 might serve as an indicator of disease severity in COVID-19 patients.
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