Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34335034›Full record

ArticleInfection and drug resistance2021

Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection: Incidence, Associated Factors and Drug Resistance Patterns of Bacterial Isolates in Southern Ethiopia.

Yisiak Oumer, Belayneh Regasa Dadi, Mohamed Seid, Gelila Biresaw, Aseer Manilal

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Infection and drug resistance, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
7.1field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
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  4. Article
  5. MappingAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  6. Distribution and Drug-Resistance Analysis of Uropathogens in Urinary Tract Infections.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2026
    Article
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  8. Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025
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  12. Incidence Risk Factors and Drug Resistance Patterns of Bacterial Isolates in Patients with Catheter-associated Urinary Tract Infections.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Yisiak OumerDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
Belayneh Regasa DadiDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
Mohamed SeidDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
Gelila BiresawDepartment of Hematology and Immunohematology, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
Aseer ManilalDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
Arba Minch University · ET

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionCatheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are the most common nosocomial infection and a leading cause of morbidity. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, associated factors and antibiogram of the bacterial isolates among CAUTIs patients.

methodsA facility-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from March to December 2019 at Arba Minch General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia. Clinical and socio-demographic data were obtained using a questionnaire. Clean catch midstream urine samples were collected and inoculated onto blood agar, MacConkey agar, and cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient agar (CLED). The inoculated culture media were incubated in an aerobic atmosphere at 37°C for 24 h. After overnight incubation, the bacterial growth on the respective media was inspected visually and graded for the presence of significant bacteriuria. A significant bacteriuria was considered, if pure culture at a concentration of ≥10

resultsThe overall incidence of symptomatic CAUTIs was 39/231 (16.8%). Independent predictors of CAUTIs were prolonged (≥7 days) catheterization (AOR = 3.6, 95% CI = 1.0-12.2), diabetes mellitus (AOR = 5.3, 95% CI = 1.4-19.6) and insertion of catheter in surgical ward (AOR = 3.6, 95% CI = 1.08-12.28). The most common bacterial isolates were

conclusionHigh levels of drug resistance were observed to commonly used antibiotics. In our study, biofilm-producing bacterial isolates were the predominant cause of CAUTIs. Therefore, continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance patterns is necessary to help physicians in treatment and management of CAUTIs.

Indexed as

antimicrobial susceptibilitycatheter-associated urinary tract infectionsrisk factorsuropathogens

Identifiers

PMID34335034
PMCPMC8318706
OpenAlexW3183836418

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.