Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34334804›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the IEEE. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers2015

Noninvasive Brain-Computer Interfaces Based on Sensorimotor Rhythms.

Bin He, Bryan Baxter, Bradley J Edelman, Christopher C Cline, Wendy Ye

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the IEEE. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
74citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
12.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

74 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 232 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Full-Stack Architectures for Intelligent Brain-Computer Interfaces.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Non-Invasive Brain-Computer Interfaces: State of the Art and Trends.IEEE reviews in biomedical engineering · 2025
    Review
  9. Continuous Reaching and Grasping With a BCI Controlled Robotic Arm in Healthy and Stroke-Affected Individuals.IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Three-stage transfer learning for motor imagery EEG recognition.Medical & biological engineering & computing · 2024
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Bin HeDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota.
Bryan BaxterDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota.
Bradley J EdelmanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota.
Christopher C ClineDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota.
Wendy YeNexGen Medtech, LLC.
University of Minnesota · US

Funding

Multimodal Imaging of Brain Activity and ConnectivityR01EB006433 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI HE, BIN · 2009 to 2012
$1.3M
CRCNS: Spatiotemporal imaging study of the mechanisms of binocular rivalryR01EY023101 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI HE, BIN · 2012 to 2014
$1.1M
NEI NIH HHS R01 EY023101NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB006433
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have been explored in the field of neuroengineering to investigate how the brain can use these systems to control external devices. We review the principles and approaches we have taken to develop a sensorimotor rhythm EEG based brain-computer interface (BCI). The methods include developing BCI systems incorporating the control of physical devices to increase user engagement, improving BCI systems by inversely mapping scalp-recorded EEG signals to the cortical source domain, integrating BCI with noninvasive neuromodulation strategies to improve learning, and incorporating mind-body awareness training to enhance BCI learning and performance. The challenges and merits of these strategies are discussed, together with recent findings. Our work indicates that the sensorimotor-rhythm-based noninvasive BCI has the potential to provide communication and control capabilities as an alternative to physiological motor pathways.

Indexed as

BCIBMIBrain-computer interfacebrain-machine interfaceEEGmotor imageryneural interfacesensorimotor rhythm

Identifiers

PMID34334804
PMCPMC8323842
OpenAlexW2147854680

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.