ArticleAnnals of surgery2021
Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma - Novel Benchmark Values for Surgical and Oncological Outcomes From 24 Expert Centers.
Article in Annals of surgery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 89 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
89 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 166 citations in OpenAlex.
- Open Versus Laparoscopic and Robotic Approach in Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma: A Network Meta-Analysis With Trial Sequential Analysis.Journal of hepato-biliary-pancreatic sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Long-term Outcomes of Protocol-based Neoadjuvant Selection and Liver Transplantation Versus Liver Resection for Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2026Pooled it
- Robotic, laparoscopic, and open surgery for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: a systematic review and direct pairwise meta-analysis.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Bile Duct Replacement in Hepatobiliary Surgery: A Systematic Review.World journal of surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Robotic surgery for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: a concise systematic review.Surgical endoscopy · 2025Pooled it
- Textbook outcome after major hepatectomy for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma - definitions and influencing factors.Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2022Pooled it
- A Multicenter Survey on Eligibility for a Randomized Phase III Trial of Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Resected Biliary Tract Cancer (JCOG1202, ASCOT).Annals of surgical oncology · 2023Trial
- Editorial Comment: Borderline Resectability in Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma-as Simple as ABC or 1-2-3?Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- Assessment of MRD and Longitudinal Monitoring of Post-Surgery Biliary Tract Cancer With a Customized ctDNA Panel.Cancer science · 2026Article
- Surgical Safety after Preoperative Chemotherapy for Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma: Multi-Institutional Propensity-Matched Analysis.Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Observational
- Transitioning to the robotic era for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: initial implementation and outcomes in a single center.Surgical endoscopy · 2026Article
- Impact of sarcopenia on short- and long-term outcomes after resection of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: a two-center study.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Outcomes of Liver Transplant Versus Partial Hepatectomy for Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma Patients Requiring Arterial Reconstruction.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2026Article
- Long-term results (> 12 years) of surgical treatment of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: Application of a modified Nagoya approach at a western center.Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2026Article
- Impact of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) on postoperative morbidity and long-term survival in patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma.Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2026Article
- Transplantation for unresectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma beyond the Mayo protocol: a challenge for SURE.Hepatobiliary surgery and nutrition · 2026Article
- Preoperative biliary drainage in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: retrospective multicentre analysis.BJS open · 2026Observational
- Liver resection with and without vascular resection versus transplantation for de novo perihilar cholangiocarcinoma.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2026Article
- Differences in Right Hepatic Duct Length Among Left-Sided Hepatectomies: Conventional Hepatectomy Versus Extended Hepatectomy Versus Trisectionectomy.Journal of hepato-biliary-pancreatic sciences · 2026Article
- Robotic transanastomotic stenting via Witzel technique in complex hepaticojejunostomy for biliary tract tumors.Surgical endoscopy · 2026Article
29 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
63 authors at 20 institutions in 14 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe aim of this study was to define robust benchmark values for the surgical treatment of perihilar cholangiocarcinomas (PHC) to enable unbiased comparisons.
backgroundDespite ongoing efforts, postoperative mortality and morbidity remains high after complex liver surgery for PHC. Benchmark data of best achievable results in surgical PHC treatment are however still lacking.
methodsThis study analyzed consecutive patients undergoing major liver surgery for PHC in 24 high-volume centers in 3 continents over the recent 5-year period (2014-2018) with a minimum follow-up of 1 year in each patient. Benchmark patients were those operated at high-volume centers (≥50 cases during the study period) without the need for vascular reconstruction due to tumor invasion, or the presence of significant co-morbidities such as severe obesity (body mass index ≥35), diabetes, or cardiovascular diseases. Benchmark cutoff values were derived from the 75th or 25th percentile of the median values of all benchmark centers.
resultsSeven hundred eight (39%) of a total of 1829 consecutive patients qualified as benchmark cases. Benchmark cut-offs included: R0 resection ≥57%, postoperative liver failure (International Study Group of Liver Surgery): ≤35%; in-hospital and 3-month mortality rates ≤8% and ≤13%, respectively; 3-month grade 3 complications and the CCI: ≤70% and ≤30.5, respectively; bile leak-rate: ≤47% and 5-year overall survival of ≥39.7%. Centers operating mostly on complex cases disclosed better outcome including lower post-operative liver failure rates (4% vs 13%; P = 0.002). Centers from Asia disclosed better outcomes.
conclusionSurgery for PHC remains associated with high morbidity and mortality with now the availability of benchmark values covering 21 outcome parameters, which may serve as key references for comparison in any future analyses of individuals, group of patients or centers.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.