SynthesisJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2021
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scales to Detect Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Attitudes and Preferences Towards Screening for Dementia From the Perspectives of Healthcare Professionals: An Updated Systematic Review.International journal of geriatric psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Digital Endpoints for Assessing Instrumental Activities of Daily Living in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Pooled it
- The Cog-Aging: a 15-year cohort study of cognition in Brazilian older adults.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Development and Validation of Machine Learning Models for Predicting Early Cognitive Decline Using Home Sensor-Derived Behavioral Data: Sensors in-Home for Elder Wellbeing (SINEW) Cohort Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Functional autonomy, comorbidities and cognitive decline: a mediation analysis in neurocognitive disorders.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- A point-based cognitive impairment scoring system for southeast Asian adults.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2025Article
- Driving research on successful aging and neuroprotection in Latin America: Insights from the inaugural symposium on brain resilience and healthy longevity.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Review
- Dementia prevalence and risk factors in people with and without HIV in Malawi: A medical record review.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Cognitive performance classification of older patients using machine learning and electronic medical records.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Diagnostic utility and psychometric properties of the Technology Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire (T-ADLQ) in people with non-formally educated with Alzheimer's disease in Lima, Peru.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Article
- The Process of Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Functional Assessment Tools for Dementia: A Systematized Review.Health science reports · 2025Review
- A Multidimensional, Person-Centered Framework for Functional Assessment in Dementia: Insights from the 'What', 'How', 'To Whom', and 'How Much' Questions.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Review
- Gaps in clinical research in frontotemporal dementia: A call for diversity and disparities-focused research.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023Article
- High-Mobility Group Box-1 and Its Potential Role in Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders.Cells · 2021Review
- Adaptation and validations of Amsterdam instrumental activities of daily living questionnaire-short version for Peru.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reportsArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe largest proportion of people with dementia worldwide live in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs), with dementia prevalence continuing to rise. Assessment and diagnosis of dementia involves identifying the impact of cognitive decline on function, usually measured by instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs).
objectiveThis review aimed to identify IADL measures which are specifically developed, validated, or adapted for use in LMICs to guide selection of such tools.
methodsA systematic search was conducted (fourteen databases) up to April 2020. Only studies reporting on development, validation, or adaptation of IADL measures for dementia or cognitive impairment among older adults (aged over 50) in LMICs were included. The QUADAS 2 was used to assess quality of diagnostic accuracy studies.
results22 papers met inclusion criteria; identifying 19 discrete IADL tools across 11 LMICs. These were either translated from IADL measures used in high-income countries (n = 6), translated and adapted for cultural differences (n = 6), or newly developed for target LMIC populations (n = 7). Seven measures were investigated in multiple studies; overall quality of diagnostic accuracy was moderate to good.
conclusionReliability, validity, and accuracy of IADL measures for supporting dementia diagnosis within LMICs was reported. Key components to consider when selecting an IADL tool for such settings were highlighted, including choosing culturally appropriate, time-efficient tools that account for gender- and literacy-bias, and can be conducted by any volunteer with appropriate training. There is a need for greater technical and external validation of IADL tools across different regions, countries, populations, and cultures.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.