Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34334392›Full record

SynthesisJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2021

Clinical Outcome Measure Crosswalks in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review.

Jakub P Hlávka, Andrew T Kinoshita, Samantha Fang, Adriana Hunt

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Validation of the Italian version of the In-Person Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (IP-TICS).Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Informal care for people with dementia in Europe.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Access to Disease-Modifying Alzheimer's Therapies: Addressing Possible Challenges Using Innovative Payment Models.Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research · 2022
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Jakub P HlávkaSol Price School of Public Policy, Leonard D. Schaeffer Center for Health Policy & Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Andrew T KinoshitaDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Samantha FangSol Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Adriana HuntCollege of Science, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.

Funding

Ensuring Access to Novel Alzheimer’s and Dementia Treatments: Evaluating Innovative Payment ApproachesR01AG062277 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI GOLDMAN, DANA P, LAKDAWALLA, DARIUS N. · 2018 to 2021
$2.3M
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG062277
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundA key challenge in studies that model outcomes, disease progression, and cost-effectiveness of existing and emerging dementia treatments is the lack of conversion criteria to translate, or 'crosswalk', scores on multiple measurement scales. Clinical status in dementia is commonly characterized in the cognitive, functional, and behavioral domains.

objectiveWe conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed dementia measure crosswalks in the three domains.

methodsWe systematically reviewed published literature for crosswalks between scales used to measure cognitive, functional, or behavioral outcomes in Alzheimer's and related dementias. The search was conducted in PubMed, and additional crosswalks were identified through snowballing and expert input from dementia modelers.

resultsOf the reviewed articles, 2,334 were identified through a PubMed search, 842 articles were sourced from backward and forward citation snowballing, and 8 additional articles were recommended through expert input. 31 papers were eligible for inclusion, listing 74 unique crosswalks. Of those, 62 (83.8%) were between endpoints of the cognitive domain and 12 (16.2%) were either between endpoints of the functional domain or were hybrid in nature. Among crosswalks exclusively in the cognitive domain, a majority involved the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (37 crosswalks) or the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and its variants (25 crosswalks). MMSE was directly compared to MoCA or MoCA variants in 16 crosswalks.

conclusionExisting crosswalks between measures of dementia focus largely on a limited selection of outcome measures, particularly MMSE and MoCA. Few crosswalks exist in the functional domain, and no crosswalks were identified for solely behavioral measures.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseOutcome Assessment, Health CareDisease ProgressionHumansMental Status and Dementia TestsMental Status ScheduleAlzheimer’s diseasecognitioncognitive dysfunctionhealth careoutcome assessment

Identifiers

PMID34334392
PMCPMC10382157

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.