ArticleBrain and behavior2021
High risk of drug toxicity in social isolation stress due to liver dysfunction: Role of oxidative stress and inflammation.
Article in Brain and behavior, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacological evidence for the possible involvement of the NMDA receptor pathway in the anticonvulsant effect of tramadol in mice.AIMS neuroscience · 2022Article
- High risk of drug toxicity in social isolation stress due to liver dysfunction: Role of oxidative stress and inflammation.Brain and behavior · 2021Article
- Hepatic Inflammation and Apoptosis in Socially Isolated Rats: Effects of Vortioxetine Treatment.Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research : IJPRArticle
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPrevious studies have shown that social isolation stress (SIS) could associate with several systemic diseases; however, the role of SIS on liver dysfunction has yet to be established. This study aimed to investigate the effect of SIS on liver function and possible drug toxicity through liver inflammation and oxidative stress.
methodsMale Naval Medical Research Institute mice in two groups of SIS and control were treated with typical anti-depressant and anxiolytic agents including fluoxetine, norfluoxetine, desipramine, and imipramine in both groups. Then blood concentrations (or their active metabolites) of these drugs were assessed. Liver function test, including aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin, and conjugated bilirubin), oxidative activity, inflammatory cytokines, and the gene expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes were assessed.
resultsWe observed that the liver enzymes including AST and ALT was slightly higher in SIS animals. The blood concentrations of fluoxetine, norfluoxetine, desipramine, and imipramine were significantly higher in SIS animals. The gene expression of CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C9, CYP2C29, and CYP2D were significantly decreased in SIS animals. Our results showed that SIS animals had significantly higher level of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6. SIS could significantly decrease the activity of antioxidant agent (Glutathione).
conclusionWe hypothesized that SIS could induce liver dysfunction and decrease the rate of drug clearance through liver inflammation and oxidative stress; therefore, the blood concentration of anti-depressant/anxiolytic agents should closely monitor in SIS due to the high toxicity of these agents.
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