ReviewBiochemical pharmacology2021
The therapeutic triad of extracellular vesicles: As drug targets, as drugs, and as drug carriers.
Review in Biochemical pharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Orchestrating the metastatic symphony: the role of extracellular vesicles in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and pulmonary niche formation of breast cancer.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2026Review
- Rational design of immunological programs for functional regenerative niches.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Therapeutic potential and translational challenges of extracellular vesicles in neonatal medicine.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Review
- Iron-related intercellular communication in the liver: Main players and mechanisms.European journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Principles and regulatory pathways of exosome-based products in wound healing: Insights from the Iranian Food and Drug Administration guideline.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2026Review
- Stable production of immortalized hPC-MSC-derived extracellular vesicles: integrated cargo analysis and functional validation.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Article
- Celery root-plant derived vesicles: comprehensive isolation, characterization and proteomic analysis.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- Biomimetic nanomaterials in myocardial infarction treatment: Harnessing bionic strategies for advanced therapeutics.Materials today. Bio · 2024Review
- Harnessing exosomes for targeted therapy: strategy and application.Biomaterials translational · 2024Review
- Pharmacological Agents and Potential New Therapies in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.Current vascular pharmacology · 2024Review
- Review
- Bio-Inspired Nanocarriers Derived from Stem Cells and Their Extracellular Vesicles for Targeted Drug Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- A novel isolation method for spontaneously released extracellular vesicles from brain tissue and its implications for stress-driven brain pathology.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2023Article
- Extracellular vesicles and Alzheimer's disease in the novel era of Precision Medicine: implications for disease progression, diagnosis and treatment.Experimental neurology · 2022Review
- Bioavailability Improvement Strategies for Icariin and Its Derivates: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Review
- Stability of Erythrocyte-Derived Nanovesicles Assessed by Light Scattering and Electron Microscopy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Exosomes as Intercellular Messengers in Hypertension.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Rapidly growing interest in the study of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has led to the accumulation of evidence on their critical roles in various pathologies, as well as opportunities to design novel therapeutic EV-based applications. Efficiently exploiting the constantly expanding knowledge of the biology and function of EVs requires a deep understanding of the various possible strategies of using EVs for therapeutic purposes. Accordingly, in the present work, we have narrowed the broad therapeutic potential of EVs and consider the similarities and differences of various strategies as we articulate three major aspects (i.e., a triad) of their therapeutic uses: (i) EVs as drug targets, whereby we discuss therapeutic targeting of disease-promoting EVs; (ii) EVs as drugs, whereby we consider the natural medicinal properties of EVs and the available options for their optimization; and (iii) EVs as drug carriers, whereby we highlight the advantages of EVs as vehicles for efficacious drug delivery of natural compounds. Finally, after conducting a comprehensive review of the latest literature on each of these aspects, we outline opportunities, limitations, and potential solutions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.