ArticleBMC health services research2021
Preparedness of primary and secondary health facilities in India to address major noncommunicable diseases: results of a National Noncommunicable Disease Monitoring Survey (NNMS).
Article in BMC health services research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
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- From Numbers to Care: The Increasing Burden of Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus at Primary Health Centers in Rural India - Insights from NFHS-5.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine · 2026Article
- Medication Adherence and its Predictors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Current Evidence.Health science reports · 2026Review
- How prepared are urban primary care facilities to manage hypertension and type 2 diabetes in Dhaka, Bangladesh? A cross-sectional descriptive study of government urban dispensaries and NGO clinics.BMC primary care · 2026Article
- Exploring factors affecting access to non-communicable disease medicines in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- [Compliance with drivers of the HEARTS-based integrated model for noncommunicable disease control in PeruNível de implementação dos fatores impulsionadores do modelo integrado para doenças não transmissíveis da iniciativa HEARTS no Peru].Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health · 2026Article
- Assessing primary health care facilities in six prioritized Nigerian states: Linking facility readiness with service availability.PloS one · 2026Article
- Recent trends of non-communicable diseases in Cambodia: a narrative review of challenges, risk factors, and public health strategies.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Health service readiness for implementing the National Sickle Cell Anaemia Elimination Mission in Chamarajanagar District, Karnataka, India: a cross-sectional mixed-methods protocol.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Changing patterns in health-seeking behaviour and prescription practices for treatment of hypertension in nine districts - insights from India Hypertension Control Initiative, 2018-19 and 2023-24.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Preparedness of public & private health facilities for management of diabetes & hypertension in 19 districts in India.The Indian journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Missed opportunities for detection of hypertension in public health facilities of 18 districts in India, 2022.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Private sector delivery of care for maternal and newborn health: trends over a decade in the Indian state of Bihar.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Healthcare providers' perspectives on the organization of health services to manage people with multiple long-term conditions in primary care settings in Kerala, India: a qualitative exploratory study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Socio-economic gradients in hypertension and diabetes management amid the COVID-19 pandemic in India.PloS one · 2025Article
- A facility level cross-sectional survey to assess health system readiness for oral cancer care in Madhya Pradesh, India.Bioinformation · 2025Article
- A cross-sectional study on health behavior and quality of life among adults with non-communicable diseases in the urban field practice area of a teaching hospital, Kolkata.Malaysian family physician : the official journal of the Academy of Family Physicians of Malaysia · 2025Article
- Development and evaluation of a training program on non-communicable diseases to empower community health workers in rural India.PEC innovation · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
38 authors at 20 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe monitoring framework for evaluating health system response to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) include indicators to assess availability of affordable basic technologies and essential medicines to treat them in both public and private primary care facilities. The Government of India launched the National Program for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) in 2010 to strengthen health systems. We assessed availability of trained human resources, essential medicines and technologies for diabetes, cardiovascular and chronic respiratory diseases as one of the components of the National Noncommunicable Disease Monitoring Survey (NNMS - 2017-18).
methodsNNMS was a cross-sectional survey. Health facility survey component covered three public [Primary health centre (PHC), Community health centre (CHC) and District hospital (DH)] and one private primary in each of the 600 primary sampling units (PSUs) selected by stratified multistage random sampling to be nationally representative. Survey teams interviewed medical officers, laboratory technicians, and pharmacists using an adapted World Health Organization (WHO) - Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) tool on handhelds with Open Data Kit (ODK) technology. List of essential medicines and technology was according to WHO - Package of Essential Medicines and Technologies for NCDs (PEN) and NPCDCS guidelines for primary and secondary facilities, respectively. Availability was defined as reported to be generally available within facility premises.
resultsTotal of 537 public and 512 private primary facilities, 386 CHCs and 334 DHs across India were covered. NPCDCS was being implemented in 72.8% of CHCs and 86.8% of DHs. All essential technologies and medicines available to manage three NCDs in primary care varied between 1.1% (95% CI; 0.3-3.3) in rural public to 9.0% (95% CI; 6.2-13.0) in urban private facilities. In NPCDCS implementing districts, 0.4% of CHCs and 14.5% of the DHs were fully equipped. DHs were well staffed, CHCs had deficits in physiotherapist and specialist positions, whereas PHCs reported shortage of nurse-midwives and health assistants. Training under NPCDCS was uniformly poor across all facilities.
conclusionBoth private and public primary care facilities and public secondary facilities are currently not adequately prepared to comprehensively address the burden of NCDs in India.
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