ReviewClinical and experimental immunology2021
Towards PET imaging of the dynamic phenotypes of microglia.
Review in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuroimmunology of Oral Cancer: Tumor Progression, Systemic Inflammation, and Neural Circuit Dysfunction from the Cerebellum to the Frontal Cortex.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Prospective study on physical activity and Alzheimer's disease-related biomarkers.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Multiscale Approximations to Understand the Complex Role of Microglia in Alzheimer's Disease.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Review
- Neurogenesis and Neuroinflammation in Dialogue: Mapping Gaps, Modulating Microglia, Rewiring Aging.Cells · 2026Review
- Investigating the association between grey matter hypoperfusion and atrophy in multiple sclerosis using arterial spin labelling.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Microglial Autophagy and Mitophagy in Ischemic Stroke: From Dual Roles to Therapeutic Modulation.Biology · 2025Review
- Exploration of Fluorinated Pyrazolidine-3,5-Diones for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of the P2YChemMedChem · 2025Article
- The Hallmarks of Ageing in Microglia.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Evaluation of in vivo and in vitro binding property of a novel candidate PET tracer for CSF1R imaging and comparison with two currently-used CSF1R-PET tracers.EJNMMI radiopharmacy and chemistry · 2025Article
- How microglia contribute to the induction and maintenance of neuropathic pain.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2025Review
- Integrative network analysis reveals novel moderators of Aβ-Tau interaction in Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2025Article
- Evaluation of [Molecular imaging and biology · 2025Article
- [Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Article
- From disruption to remodeling: the evolution and therapeutic prospects of Neuroimmune Regulatory Circuitry after ischemic stroke.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- CX3CR1: a potential microglia-specific PET imaging target in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Associations Between Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and Inflammation in Neurodegenerative Dementia: A Systematic Review.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Review
- Non-invasiveFrontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Review
- Emerging diagnostics and therapeutics for Alzheimer disease.Nature medicine · 2023Review
- Review
- Plasma derived extracellular vesicle biomarkers of microglia activation in an experimental stroke model.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There is increasing evidence showing the heterogeneity of microglia activation in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. It has been hypothesized that pro-inflammatory microglia are detrimental and contribute to disease progression, while anti-inflammatory microglia play a role in damage repair and remission. The development of therapeutics targeting the deleterious glial activity and modulating it into a regenerative phenotype relies heavily upon a clearer understanding of the microglia dynamics during disease progression and the ability to monitor therapeutic outcome in vivo. To that end, molecular imaging techniques are required to assess microglia dynamics and study their role in disease progression as well as to evaluate the outcome of therapeutic interventions. Positron emission tomography (PET) is such a molecular imaging technique, and provides unique capabilities for non-invasive quantification of neuroinflammation and has the potential to discriminate between microglia phenotypes and define their role in the disease process. However, several obstacles limit the possibility for selective in vivo imaging of microglia phenotypes mainly related to the poor characterization of specific targets that distinguish the two ends of the microglia activation spectrum and lack of suitable tracers. PET tracers targeting translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) have been extensively explored, but despite the success in evaluating neuroinflammation they failed to discriminate between microglia activation statuses. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge on the microglia phenotypes in the major neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. We also discuss the current and emerging PET imaging targets, the tracers and their potential in discriminating between the pro- and anti-inflammatory microglia activation states.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.