ReviewInternational ophthalmology2021
Comparison of subretinal versus intravitreal injection of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator with gas for submacular hemorrhage secondary to wet age-related macular degeneration: treatment outcomes and brief literature review.
Review in International ophthalmology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interventions for submacular haemorrhage: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of controversies-On behalf of the Spanish Vitreo-Retinal Society (SERV).Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Pooled it
- Comparison of current treatment strategies for AMD-related submacular haemorrhage: Real-world outcomes.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Management of submacular hemorrhage: from a case report to a comprehensive review of current treatment strategies.International ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Subretinal Hemorrhage Associated With Scleral Buckle Surgery for Retinal Detachment: A Consecutive Case Series.Ophthalmic surgery, lasers & imaging retina · 2025Article
- Comparing postoperative outcomes of three-dimensional versus traditional microscopic vitrectomy and subretinal rt-PA injection for submacular hemorrhage.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Comparative efficacy of subretinal and intravitreal conbercept injections in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy.International ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Comparative outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy with subretinal rt-PA injection in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: the role of simultaneous anti-VEGF treatment.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Subretinal delivery of AAV5-mediated humanMolecular vision · 2025Article
- Pars plana vitrectomy with tissue plasminogen activator for traumatic submacular hemorrhage.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Comparison of different treatment options in submacular haemorrhage.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Outcomes in the Treatment of Subretinal Macular Hemorrhage Secondary to Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Displacement of Submacular Hemorrhage Using Subretinal Cocktail Injection versus Pneumatic Displacement: A Real-World Comparative Study.Ophthalmologica. Journal international d'ophtalmologie. International journal of ophthalmology. Zeitschrift fur Augenheilkunde · 2024Article
- Three-dimensional heads-up system assisted pars plana vitrectomy and subretinal recombinant tissue plasminogen activator injection for submacular hemorrhage.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2023Article
- Efficacy Evaluation of Tissue Plasminogen Activator with Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Drugs for Submacular Hemorrhage Treatment: A Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Efficacy of Simultaneous Application of Subretinal Tissue Plasminogen Activator and Bevacizumab for Submacular Hemorrhages.Beyoglu eye journal · 2023Article
- Subretinal recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator injection using a 41G needle for the management of submacular hemorrhages: a 3-case report.International journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Pars plana vitrectomy and subretinal tissue plasminogen activator for large exudative submacular hemorrhage: a case series.BMC ophthalmology · 2022Article
- One-Year Outcome of Intravitreal Tissue Plasminogen Activator, Ranibizumab, and Gas Injections for Submacular Hemorrhage in Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Visual Outcome after Vitrectomy with Subretinal tPA Injection to Treat Submacular Hemorrhage Secondary to Age-Related Macular Degeneration or Macroaneurysm.Journal of ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Intravitreal r-tPA Injection and Pneumatic Displacement for Submacular Retinal Hemorrhage: A Case Series.Case reports in ophthalmologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeContradictory evidence exists over the best approach for the management of submacular hemorrhage (SMH). In this study, we compared the outcomes of subretinal versus intravitreal injection of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-tPA) and gas in cases of SMH secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
methodsTwenty five eyes with SMH were retrospectively divided in 2 groups. Group A underwent vitrectomy, subretinal r-tPA and gas (Vitrectomy group, n = 14), and group B received intravitreal r-tPA and gas (Pneumatic group, n = 11). SMH displacement and change in subfoveal hemorrhage thickness (SFHT) at 1 month post-op were assessed. Additionally, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) at the end of the 12 month follow-up (FU) were analyzed. Clinical and epidemiological prognostic factors were tested.
resultsMean duration of SMH prior intervention was 8.2(± 7.3) days. Baseline BCVA was 1.53 ± 0.73 LogMAR, mean extension of SMH was 4.604 ± 2079 μm and mean CRT pre-treatment was 795 ± 365 μm. SMH displacement at 1 month post-treatment was total in 9/14 versus 6/11 and partial in 4/14 versus 2/11 in Group A and Group B, respectively (Fisher's exact test p = 0.38). SFHT reduced by 404 ± 312 μm in Group A versus 376 ± 405 μm in group B (p = 0.86). BCVA improvement and reduction of CRT were highly significant at the end of FU (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001 respectively) but did not differ between the 2 groups. Only baseline BCVA and preoperative CRT proved to be significant prognostic factors for the final functional outcome (p = 0.013 and p = 0.047 respectively).
conclusionBoth treatment options proved equal efficacy in displacing SMH in AMD. A multicenter trial may delineate a desirable algorithm of treatment.
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