Trial reportTobacco control2023
Responses to pictorial versus text-only cigarillo warnings among a nationally representative sample of US young adults.
Trial report in Tobacco control, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Perceived Effectiveness of Cigar Warnings Among Young People in the U.S.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Trial
- The role of sympathy in motivating behaviour change: a discrete emotions approach to examining responses to cancer warning labels for alcohol.Health education research · 2025Trial
- Little Cigar and Cigarillo Graphic Health Warnings and Quitting Behaviors: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Campaign messages to support pictorial health warning labels for little cigars and cigarillos: an online survey-based experiment.BMJ open · 2025Trial
- Effects of narrative versus non-narrative pictorial warning labels on visual attention and alcohol-related cancer risk perceptions: An eye-tracking study.Addictive behaviors · 2025Trial
- Relative Efficacy of Cigarillo Warning Statements in Text and Pictorial Formats: An Experimental Study Among a Sample of US Young Adults.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Improving Point-of-Sale Warnings for Single Cigars: Implications for Premium Cigars.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Trial
- The Impact of Cigarillo Text Warning Presence and Size on Young Adults' Cigarillo Risk Beliefs, Knowledge, Appeal, and Use Intentions.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- The Role of Harm Visibility for Pictorial Health Warning Labels on Cigars.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Cigar-Specific Health Warnings: Attention, Recall, and Perceived Effectiveness Among Young Adult Users and Non-Users.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Does noticing cigar warnings associate with cigar harm perceptions and smoking behaviors? Analysis from Wave 5 of the population assessment of tobacco and health study.Addictive behaviors · 2024Article
- Article
- Perceived message effectiveness of cigar warning themes among adults in the United States.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
- The Landscape of Cigar Marketing in Print Magazines from 2018-2021: Content, Expenditures, Volume, Placement and Reach.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Article
- Cigar Warning Noticing and Demographic and Usage Correlates: Analysis from the United States Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, Wave 5.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Does warning language impact perceptions? Results from an exploratory experiment comparing English, Spanish, and Dual language E-Cigarette warnings among Spanish speakers in the US.Preventive medicine reports · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe US Food and Drug Administration requires six text-only warnings for cigar products, including cigarillos. Research has demonstrated the superiority of pictorial over text-only cigarette warnings, yet the relative effectiveness of pictorial warnings for cigarillos has not been examined. We examined the impact of pictorial cigarillo warnings compared with text-only warnings.
methodsData were collected from a nationally representative sample of US young adult (18-29) cigarillo users and susceptible non-users. Participants were randomised to one of three experimental conditions: text-only or one of two pictorial conditions (combined for analyses). For each warning, we assessed negative emotional reactions, cognitive elaboration (ie, thinking about cigarillo risks) and perceived message effectiveness (PME).
resultsParticipants (N=661) were 46.5% female, 64.7% white and 21.9% Hispanic; 34.1% reported past 30-day cigarillo use; 41.4% were lifetime users (excluding past 30-day use); and 24.4% were susceptible non-users. Pictorial warnings elicited more negative emotional reactions and higher PME than text-only warnings (p values<0.01), with interactions showing the largest effects for past 30-day users (emotional reactions: d=0.99, PME: d=0.63). For cognitive elaboration, there was no main effect of warning type, but an interaction revealed effects for past 30-day users (p<0.05, d=0.46).
conclusionsPictorial cigarillo warnings elicited greater negative emotional reactions and PME compared with text-only warnings. These effects and the effects on cognitive elaboration were strongest for past 30-day users. Our findings extend research on cigarette warnings to cigarillos, demonstrating that pictorial warnings are superior to text-only warnings for cigarillos in eliciting beneficial responses.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.