ArticleWater research2021
Elimination of SARS-CoV-2 along wastewater and sludge treatment processes.
Article in Water research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Detecting SARS-CoV-2 in sludge samples: A systematic review.The Science of the total environment · 2023Pooled it
- Occurrence of viruses in sewage sludge: A systematic review.The Science of the total environment · 2022Pooled it
- Long-term biological surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in critical points for municipal sewage catchment in light of wastewater-based epidemiology, public health and environmental hygiene.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Viruses in Wastewater-A Concern for Public Health and the Environment.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- The occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 in Tehran's municipal wastewater: performance of treatment systems and feasibility of wastewater-based epidemiology.Journal of environmental health science & engineering · 2024Article
- Identifying spatiotemporal trends of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater: from the perspective of upstream and downstream wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE).Environmental science and pollution research international · 2024Article
- Reduction of SARS-CoV-2 by biological nutrient removal and disinfection processes in full-scale wastewater treatment plants.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 in the environment: Contamination routes, detection methods, persistence and removal in wastewater treatment plants.The Science of the total environment · 2023Review
- Comparative evaluation of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for reducing SARS-CoV-2 viral load from campus sewage water.Journal of environmental chemical engineering · 2023Article
- Review
- Environmental challenges of COVID-19 pandemic: resilience and sustainability - A review.Environmental research · 2023Review
- SARS-CoV-2 removal by mix matrix membrane: A novel application of artificial neural network based simulation in MATLAB for evaluating wastewater reuse risks.Chemosphere · 2023Article
- Removal performance of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater treatment by membrane bioreactor, anaerobic-anoxic-oxic, and conventional activated sludge processes.The Science of the total environment · 2022Article
- Fate of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in wastewater treatment sludge during storage and thermophilic anaerobic digestion.Environmental research · 2022Article
- Article
- [The French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA) and wastewater-based epidemiology: Applicability and relevance in armed forces].Bulletin de l'Academie nationale de medecine · 2022Review
- A critical review on the existing wastewater treatment methods in the COVID-19 era: What is the potential of advanced oxidation processes in combatting viral especially SARS-CoV-2?Journal of water process engineering · 2022Review
- Disinfection and decontamination in the context of SARS-CoV-2-specific data.Journal of medical virology · 2022Review
- Biological Activated Sludge from Wastewater Treatment Plant before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Elucidating the role of environmental management of forests, air quality, solid waste and wastewater on the dissemination of SARS-CoV-2.Hygiene and environmental health advances · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
23 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is shed in the feces of infected people. As a consequence, genomic RNA of the virus can be detected in wastewater. Although the presence of viral RNA does not inform on the infectivity of the virus, this presence of genetic material raised the question of the effectiveness of treatment processes in reducing the virus in wastewater and sludge. In this work, treatment lines of 16 wastewater treatment plants were monitored to evaluate the removal of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in raw, processed waters and sludge, from March to May 2020. Viral RNA copies were enumerated using reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in 5 different laboratories. These laboratories participated in proficiency testing scheme and their results demonstrated the reliability and comparability of the results obtained for each one. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was found in 50.5% of the 101 influent wastewater samples characterized. Positive results were detected more frequently in those regions with a COVID-19 incidence higher than 100 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) significantly reduced the occurrence of virus RNA along the water treatment lines. Secondary treatment effluents showed an occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 23.3% of the samples and no positive results were found after MBR and chlorination. Non-treated sludge (from primary and secondary treatments) presented a higher occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA than the corresponding water samples, demonstrating the affinity of virus particles for solids. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in treated sludge after thickening and anaerobic digestion, whereas viral RNA was completely eliminated from sludge only when thermal hydrolysis was applied. Finally, co-analysis of SARS-CoV-2 and F-specific RNA bacteriophages was done in the same water and sludge samples in order to investigate the potential use of these bacteriophages as indicators of SARS-CoV-2 fate and reduction along the wastewater treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.