Trial reportPloS one2021
Unhealthy lifestyles and brain condition: Examining the relations of BMI, living alone, alcohol intake, short sleep, smoking, and lack of exercise with gray matter volume.
Trial report in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Meta-analytic evidence for a sex-diverging association between alcohol use and body mass index.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- The Brain in Cross-Cultural Adjustment: A Pilot Study of Japanese Expatriates Living in the United States.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Expatriates' Cultural Intelligence Mediates the Relationship Between Lifestyle and Performance: A Cross-Sectional Analysis and a Longitudinal Pilot Study.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Multimodal Neuroimaging of Obesity: From Structural-Functional Mechanisms to Precision Interventions.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Examination of the impact of curiosity and fatigue on brain condition.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Uncovering mediational pathways behind racial and socioeconomic disparities in brain volumes: insights from the UK Biobank study.GeroScience · 2025Article
- Kawaii-Ness Mediates Between Demographic Variables, Happiness, and Brain Conditions.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- The Brain That Understands Diversity: A Pilot Study Focusing on the Triple Network.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- The Interactions between Smoking and Sleep.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients Who Live Alone.Neurologia medico-chirurgica · 2024Observational
- Association between household size and risk of incident dementia in the UK Biobank study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Smartphone app for lifestyle improvement improves brain health and boosts the vitality and cognitive function of healthy middle-aged adults.Brain and behavior · 2024Article
- Brain functional training: a perspective article.Frontiers in aging · 2024Article
- The Association between Lifestyles (Walking/Diet) and Cultural Intelligence: A New Attempt to Apply Health Science to Cross-Cultural Research.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Brain conditions mediate the association between aging and happiness.Scientific reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Unhealthy lifestyles are damaging to the brain. Previous studies have indicated that body mass index (BMI), alcohol intake, short sleep, smoking, and lack of exercise are negatively associated with gray matter volume (GMV). Living alone has also been found to be related to GMV through lowered subjective happiness. However, to our knowledge, no GMV study has dealt with these unhealthy lifestyles simultaneously. By our analyses based on 142 healthy Japanese participants, BMI, alcohol intake, living alone, and short sleep were negatively associated with the gray-matter brain healthcare quotient (GM-BHQ), an MRI-based normalized GMV, after controlling for age, sex, and facility, not only individually but also when they were entered into a single regression model. Moreover, there were small but significant differences in the proportion of the variance for GM-BHQ explained by variables in a regression model (measured by R squared) between when these unhealthy variables were entered in an equation at the same time and when they were entered separately, with the former larger than the latter. However, smoking and lack of exercise were not significantly associated with GM-BHQ. Results indicate that some kinds of unhealthy lifestyles are somewhat harmful on their own, but may become more noxious to brain condition if practiced simultaneously, although its difference may not be large. To our knowledge, this study is the first to show that overlapping unhealthy lifestyles affects the brains of healthy adults.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.