Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34328437›Full record

ReviewJournal of medical Internet research2021

Blockchain for Increased Trust in Virtual Health Care: Proof-of-Concept Study.

Anton Hasselgren, Jens-Andreas Hanssen Rensaa, Katina Kralevska, Danilo Gligoroski, Arild Faxvaag

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of medical Internet research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
13.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  5. Applications of Blockchain in the Medical Field: Narrative Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2021
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  12. Digital Transformation in Healthcare: Technology Acceptance and Its Applications.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Anton HasselgrenDepartment of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.ORCID 0000-0002-6245-6041
Jens-Andreas Hanssen RensaaDepartment of Information Security and Communication Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.ORCID 0000-0001-6756-8993
Katina KralevskaDepartment of Information Security and Communication Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.ORCID 0000-0003-1791-4434
Danilo GligoroskiDepartment of Information Security and Communication Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.ORCID 0000-0002-7078-6139
Arild FaxvaagDepartment of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.ORCID 0000-0002-6510-7306
Norwegian University of Science and Technology · NO

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHealth care systems are currently undergoing a digital transformation that has been primarily triggered by emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, 5G, blockchain, and the digital representation of patients using (mobile) sensor devices. One of the results of this transformation is the gradual virtualization of care. Irrespective of the care environment, trust between caregivers and patients is essential for achieving favorable health outcomes. Given the many breaches of information security and patient safety, today's health information system portfolios do not suffice as infrastructure for establishing and maintaining trust in virtual care environments.

objectiveThis study aims to establish a theoretical foundation for a complex health care system intervention that aims to exploit a cryptographically secured infrastructure for establishing and maintaining trust in virtualized care environments and, based on this theoretical foundation, present a proof of concept that fulfills the necessary requirements.

methodsThis work applies the following framework for the design and evaluation of complex intervention research within health care: a review of the literature and expert consultation for technology forecasting. A proof of concept was developed by following the principles of design science and requirements engineering.

resultsThis study determined and defined the crucial functional and nonfunctional requirements and principles for enhancing trust between caregivers and patients within a virtualized health care environment. The cornerstone of our architecture is an approach that uses blockchain technology. The proposed decentralized system offers an innovative governance structure for a novel trust model. The presented theoretical design principles are supported by a concrete implementation of an Ethereum-based platform called VerifyMed.

conclusionsA service for enhancing trust in a virtualized health care environment that is built on a public blockchain has a high fit for purpose in Healthcare 4.0.

Indexed as

BlockchainArtificial IntelligenceDelivery of Health CareHumansProof of Concept StudyTrustblockchaindecentralizationethereumHealthcare 4.0trustvirtualization

Identifiers

PMID34328437
PMCPMC8367164
OpenAlexW3172893783

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.