ArticleCancer medicine2021
Inflammatory breast cancer appearance at presentation is associated with overall survival.
Article in Cancer medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Oligometastatic Breast Cancer With Cutaneous Involvement and Paraneoplastic Hypercalcemia in a Young Woman.Cureus · 2025Article
- Article
- Development of a multi-institutional dataset to validate a novel inflammatory breast cancer diagnostic score.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2025Article
- Comprehensive Characterization of Immune Cell Infiltration Characteristics and Drug Sensitivity Analysis in Inflammatory Breast Cancer Based on Bioinformatic Strategy.Biochemical genetics · 2024Article
- Identification of barriers at the primary care provider level to improve inflammatory breast cancer diagnosis and management.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
- High-fat diet, but not duration of lactation, increases mammary gland lymphatic vessel function and subsequent growth of inflammatory breast cancer cells.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2023Article
- A Novel Preclinical Murine Model to Monitor Inflammatory Breast Cancer Tumor Growth and Lymphovascular Invasion.Cancers · 2023Article
- Inflammatory breast cancer appearance at presentation is associated with overall survival.Cancer medicine · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a clinical diagnosis. Here, we examined the association of a "classic" triad of clinical signs, swollen involved breast, nipple change, and diffuse skin change, with overall survival (OS).
methodBreast medical photographs from patients enrolled on a prospective IBC registry were scored by two independent reviewers as classic (triad above), not classic, and difficult to assign. Chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, and Wilcoxon rank-sum test were used to assess differences between patient groups. Kaplan-Meier estimates and the log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard regression were used to assess the OS.
resultsWe analyzed 245 IBC patients with median age 54 (range 26-81), M0 versus M1 status (157 and 88 patients, respectively). The classic triad was significantly associated with smoking, post-menopausal status, and metastatic disease at presentation (p = 0.002, 0.013, and 0.035, respectively). Ten-year actuarial OS for not classic and difficult to assign were not significantly different and were grouped for further analyses. Ten-year OS was 29.7% among patients with the classic sign triad versus 57.2% for non-classic (p < 0.0001). The multivariate Cox regression model adjusting for clinical staging (p < 0.0001) and TNBC status (<0.0001) demonstrated classic presentation score significantly associated with poorer OS time (HR 2.6, 95% CI 1.7-3.9, p < 0.0001).
conclusionsA triad of classic IBC signs independently predicted OS in patients diagnosed with IBC. Further work is warranted to understand the biology related to clinical signs and further extend the understanding of physical examination findings in IBC.
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